Chapter 3; Cells and Tissues

What is required for osmosis to occur?

Aquaporins

_______ glands possess ducts that transport secretion onto epithelial surfaces.

Exocrine

By what endocytosis process do some white blood cells engulf bacteria?

Phagocytosis

What are two types of endocytosis?

Phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Which of the following represents a segment of RNA.

AUGUCA

_______ tissue is commonly called fat.

Adipose

What is required for diffusion to occur?

Concentration gradient

The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ______.

Mitochondrion

What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell?

Nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane

The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called_____.

Tight junctions

Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ______.

Tissues

The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is _______.

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

The process of transcription _______.

Transfers information from DNA into mRNA

Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.

Cytoplasm

The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ______.

Cytosol, organelles, and inclusions

Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules?

Facilitated diffusion and solute pumping

Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?

Flagellum

The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________.

Golgi apparatus

The phospholipid tails are ______, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.

Hydrophobic

The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ______.

Cell

Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called _______.

Codons

The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called _______.

Connective tissue

The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as _______.

Connective tissues

A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is _______ to the cell.

hypotonic

The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ______.

Interphase

The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as _______.

Interphase

The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________.

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

The specific type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestine is ______.

Simple columnar

Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?

Stratified squamous epithelium

The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ____1____, which cytosine pairs with ____2____.

1 = Thymine, 2 = Quanine

The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ____1____ and ____2____.

1 = transcription, 2 = translation

Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in proper order: 1) The protein fold into ints functional shape 2) The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing 3) The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle 4) The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER

4,1,3,2

A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.

The cell will shrink

Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?

Transitional epithelium

What process results in the exact duplication of DNA?

DNA replication

Some antibiotics inhibit tRNA form delivering amino acids to the ribosome. What process cannot be completed.

Translation

______, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.

Desmosomes

Passive processes that move substances across membranes _______.

Do not require ATP

What is NOT a hallmark feature of epithelial tissues?

Epithelial tissues are well vascularized

In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytosplasm is ______.

Cytokinesis

Tendons and ligaments are classified as______

Dense connective (fibrous) tissue

Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ______.

Gap (communicating) junctions

The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) _______.

Gene

Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?

Glucose

Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus?

Golgi apparatus

The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ______.

Lysosome

The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ______.

Organelles

The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ______.

Osmosis

What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid?

Plasma membrane

What is required for filtration to occur?

Pressure gradient

What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?

Protein carrier (or channel)

A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as _______.

Simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?

Skeletal muscle

Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.