Chapter 3; Cells and Tissues
What is required for osmosis to occur?
Aquaporins
_______ glands possess ducts that transport secretion onto epithelial surfaces.
Exocrine
By what endocytosis process do some white blood cells engulf bacteria?
Phagocytosis
What are two types of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis and pinocytosis
Which of the following represents a segment of RNA.
AUGUCA
_______ tissue is commonly called fat.
Adipose
What is required for diffusion to occur?
Concentration gradient
The organelle responsible for making the majority of ATP in a cell is the ______.
Mitochondrion
What are the three basic parts or regions of a cell?
Nucleus, cytoplasm, and plasma membrane
The membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called_____.
Tight junctions
Groups of cells that are similar in both structure and function are known as ______.
Tissues
The molecule that carries an amino acid to the ribosome for incorporation into a protein is _______.
Transfer RNA (tRNA)
The process of transcription _______.
Transfers information from DNA into mRNA
Cellular material located outside the nucleus yet inside the plasma membrane is the ________.
Cytoplasm
The three major components of the cytoplasm are the ______.
Cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
Which of the following processes require the use of protein carrier molecules?
Facilitated diffusion and solute pumping
Which of the following is NOT considered a cytoplasmic organelle?
Flagellum
The preparation of secretory vesicles for export from the cell is the responsibility of the ________.
Golgi apparatus
The phospholipid tails are ______, which make the plasma membrane impermeable to water.
Hydrophobic
The structural and functional unit of all living things is the ______.
Cell
Sequences of three bases found in messenger RNA (mRNA) are called _______.
Codons
The tissue that is usually well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix is called _______.
Connective tissue
The type of tissue that functions to protect, support, and bind together body tissues are classified as _______.
Connective tissues
A solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is _______ to the cell.
hypotonic
The period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ______.
Interphase
The portion of the cell's life cycle that does NOT involve cell division is known as _______.
Interphase
The correct order of phases of the mitosis is ________.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
The specific type of epithelial tissue found lining organs of the digestive system such as the small intestine is ______.
Simple columnar
Which of the following epithelial tissues is composed of many layers of cells?
Stratified squamous epithelium
The nucleotides of DNA join in a complementary way in which adenine pairs with ____1____, which cytosine pairs with ____2____.
1 = Thymine, 2 = Quanine
The two steps of protein synthesis, in the correct order, are ____1____ and ____2____.
1 = transcription, 2 = translation
Place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in proper order: 1) The protein fold into ints functional shape 2) The transport vesicle travels to the Golgi apparatus for further processing 3) The protein is packaged in a transport vesicle 4) The protein is synthesized on the ribosome as it migrates through the rough ER
4,1,3,2
A cell is isotonic to the surrounding 4% dextrose solution. If the cell is moved to a 6% dextrose solution, then predict what will happen to the cell.
The cell will shrink
Which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs?
Transitional epithelium
What process results in the exact duplication of DNA?
DNA replication
Some antibiotics inhibit tRNA form delivering amino acids to the ribosome. What process cannot be completed.
Translation
______, a type of cell junction, anchor adjacent cells together and prevent cells from being pulled apart.
Desmosomes
Passive processes that move substances across membranes _______.
Do not require ATP
What is NOT a hallmark feature of epithelial tissues?
Epithelial tissues are well vascularized
In cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytosplasm is ______.
Cytokinesis
Tendons and ligaments are classified as______
Dense connective (fibrous) tissue
Nutrients and ions can pass directly from cell to cell through special membrane junctions known as ______.
Gap (communicating) junctions
The DNA segment that carries information for building one protein or polypeptide chain is called a(n) _______.
Gene
Which of the following substances must travel across a membrane via facilitated diffusion?
Glucose
Which of the following is NOT a structural component of the nucleus?
Golgi apparatus
The organelle that contains enzymes produced by ribosomes and packaged by the Golgi apparatus is the ______.
Lysosome
The specialized cellular compartments within the cytosol of the cell are collectively called ______.
Organelles
The passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is ______.
Osmosis
What separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid?
Plasma membrane
What is required for filtration to occur?
Pressure gradient
What assists the movement of substances by facilitated diffusion?
Protein carrier (or channel)
A tissue constructed of a single layer of flattened cells is known as _______.
Simple squamous epithelium
Which of the following is NOT classified as a connective tissue?
Skeletal muscle
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?
The human body is composed of 50 to 100 trillion cells.
