Chapter 3 - Lab: Cell Anatomy + Division

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How many stages of mitosis are there?

4

The nucleus of the cell contains its genes, which are sections of _________

DNA

This membranous organelle resembles a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated vesicles.

Golgi apparatus

What event immediately precedes anaphase?

chromosomes cluster at the midline of the cell

________ is/are a contractile ring of actin microfilaments that eventually results in the division of the cytoplasm.

cleavage furrow

The nucleus, plasma membrane and _______ are the three major regions of cells that can readily be seen with a light microscope.

cytoplasm

This organelle stores and transports proteins, and synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol.

endoplasmic reticulum

Proteins are assembled on these organelles

ribosomes

The plasma membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell and keeps undesirable substances out of the cell. It also allows wastes to pass out of the cell and keeps valuable cell proteins inside the cell. This property is called ________

selective permeability

The plasma membrane not only provides a protective boundary for the cell but also determines which substances enter or exit the cell. We call this characteristic _______

selective permeability

What proteins are synthesized on ribosomes bound to the rough ER, sorted and modified in the Golgi apparatus, and delivered to the plasma membrane for secretion or packaged into lysosomes.

synthesis of proteins

What is an area within the nucleus associated with ribosome construction?

the nucleolus

This organelle is particularly important during cell division. It directs the formation of the mitotic spindle.

centriole

What is NOT considered to be a cytoskeletal element?

centrioles

When a cell is NOT dividing, the DNA is loosely spread throughout the nucleus in a threadlike form called _________

chromatin

The fusion of a secretory vesicle with the plasma membrane and the subsequent release of the vesicle contents of the extracellular space.

exocytosis of secretory proteins

From the time it is formed until is reproduces, the cell undergoes growth and carries out its functions in the body. What is the name for this portion of the cells life cycle?

interphase

This organelle digests other worn-out organelles and foreign substances that have entered the cell.

lysosome

________ are tiny finger like projections on some cell surfaces that increase the surface area for absorption of materials

microvilli

Because these organelles are responsible for providing most of the ATP needed by the cell, they are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the ________

mitochondria

Name the rod-shaped organelles that have a double-membrane wall and that oxidize foodstuffs to make ATP.

mitochondria

What are characterized by an oblong shape with inner and outer membranes?

mitochondria

The division of human cells consists of a series of events, collectively called ________, or nuclear division, and ________, or division of the cytoplasm.

mitosis; cytokenesis

The Golgi apparatus within the endomembrane system functions in the sorting and modifying of membrane- bound proteins being transported by various cellular locations.

modification and packaging of proteins

What allows large molecules, with the exception of DNA, to pass through the envelope?

nuclear pores

These small bodies are found inside the nucleus of the cell. Made of proteins and RNA, these structures assemble ribosomes.

nucleoli

_______ cary out specific functions inside cells, whereas ________ store glycogen, lipids, pigments, and other substances.

organelles; inclusions

You are observing a slide that contains cells undergoing cell division, and you have focused on a cell that has darkly X-shaped chromosomes that appear loose throughout the cell. You cannot see a nuclear envelope. This cell is in _________

prophase

Ribosomes/ribosomal subunits are found _______

free in the cytoplasm

DNA replication occurs during _________

interphase

During _________ the cell grows and performs its usual activities

interphase

________ are membranous sacs that detoxify harmful chemicals

peroxisomes

_________ molecules form the major component of the plasma membrane and are arranged in the form of a bilayer.

phospholipid

During this phase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle forms and the nuclear envelope fragments.

prophase

The end product of cell division by mitosis is ______

2 genetically identical daughter cells

True or False? The end product of mitosis is four genetically identical daughter nuclei.

False

During ______, the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poled of the cell.

anaphase


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