Chapter 3 - Lab: Cell Anatomy + Division
How many stages of mitosis are there?
4
The nucleus of the cell contains its genes, which are sections of _________
DNA
This membranous organelle resembles a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated vesicles.
Golgi apparatus
What event immediately precedes anaphase?
chromosomes cluster at the midline of the cell
________ is/are a contractile ring of actin microfilaments that eventually results in the division of the cytoplasm.
cleavage furrow
The nucleus, plasma membrane and _______ are the three major regions of cells that can readily be seen with a light microscope.
cytoplasm
This organelle stores and transports proteins, and synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol.
endoplasmic reticulum
Proteins are assembled on these organelles
ribosomes
The plasma membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell and keeps undesirable substances out of the cell. It also allows wastes to pass out of the cell and keeps valuable cell proteins inside the cell. This property is called ________
selective permeability
The plasma membrane not only provides a protective boundary for the cell but also determines which substances enter or exit the cell. We call this characteristic _______
selective permeability
What proteins are synthesized on ribosomes bound to the rough ER, sorted and modified in the Golgi apparatus, and delivered to the plasma membrane for secretion or packaged into lysosomes.
synthesis of proteins
What is an area within the nucleus associated with ribosome construction?
the nucleolus
This organelle is particularly important during cell division. It directs the formation of the mitotic spindle.
centriole
What is NOT considered to be a cytoskeletal element?
centrioles
When a cell is NOT dividing, the DNA is loosely spread throughout the nucleus in a threadlike form called _________
chromatin
The fusion of a secretory vesicle with the plasma membrane and the subsequent release of the vesicle contents of the extracellular space.
exocytosis of secretory proteins
From the time it is formed until is reproduces, the cell undergoes growth and carries out its functions in the body. What is the name for this portion of the cells life cycle?
interphase
This organelle digests other worn-out organelles and foreign substances that have entered the cell.
lysosome
________ are tiny finger like projections on some cell surfaces that increase the surface area for absorption of materials
microvilli
Because these organelles are responsible for providing most of the ATP needed by the cell, they are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the ________
mitochondria
Name the rod-shaped organelles that have a double-membrane wall and that oxidize foodstuffs to make ATP.
mitochondria
What are characterized by an oblong shape with inner and outer membranes?
mitochondria
The division of human cells consists of a series of events, collectively called ________, or nuclear division, and ________, or division of the cytoplasm.
mitosis; cytokenesis
The Golgi apparatus within the endomembrane system functions in the sorting and modifying of membrane- bound proteins being transported by various cellular locations.
modification and packaging of proteins
What allows large molecules, with the exception of DNA, to pass through the envelope?
nuclear pores
These small bodies are found inside the nucleus of the cell. Made of proteins and RNA, these structures assemble ribosomes.
nucleoli
_______ cary out specific functions inside cells, whereas ________ store glycogen, lipids, pigments, and other substances.
organelles; inclusions
You are observing a slide that contains cells undergoing cell division, and you have focused on a cell that has darkly X-shaped chromosomes that appear loose throughout the cell. You cannot see a nuclear envelope. This cell is in _________
prophase
Ribosomes/ribosomal subunits are found _______
free in the cytoplasm
DNA replication occurs during _________
interphase
During _________ the cell grows and performs its usual activities
interphase
________ are membranous sacs that detoxify harmful chemicals
peroxisomes
_________ molecules form the major component of the plasma membrane and are arranged in the form of a bilayer.
phospholipid
During this phase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle forms and the nuclear envelope fragments.
prophase
The end product of cell division by mitosis is ______
2 genetically identical daughter cells
True or False? The end product of mitosis is four genetically identical daughter nuclei.
False
During ______, the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poled of the cell.
anaphase
