Chapter 3 (LaunchPad)

Which one of the following CORRECTLY lists the components necessary for eukaryotic transcription? a) RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides b) RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and DNA nucleotides c) ribosomes, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides d) ribosomes, general transcription factors, DNA, and DNA nucleotides

a) RNA polymerase, general transcription factors, DNA, and RNA nucleotides

Deoxyribonucleic acid is used for... (Select all that apply.) a) energy storage. b) transmission of information. c) storage of information. d) cell-to-cell communication. e) biological catalysis.

b) transmission of information. c) storage of information.

Which of the following is TRUE of DNA? a) The percentage of the purine A always equals the percentage of the purine G. b) Successive nucleotides in a strand are connected by hydrogen bonds. c) A purine always forms a complementary base pair with a pyrimidine. d) A phosphate group in a nucleotide is attached to the 3′ carbon in ribose. e) It is used by ribosomes for translation.

c) A purine always forms a complementary base pair with a pyrimidine.

The base uracil pairs with... a) thymine. b) guanine. c) adenine. d) cytosine.

c) adenine.

An exon is... a) a transfer RNA that binds to the codon. b) RNA that is removed during the processing of an RNA molecule and remains inside the nucleus. c) part of an intact, mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus. d) a protein that is clipped out post-translationally. e) a series of amino acids at the end of a new polypeptide that directs transcription to the ER.

c) part of an intact, mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus.

In the spiral staircase analogy of DNA structure, each railing represents a __________ and each step represents a __________. a) sugar-phosphate backbone; base b) base; the sugar-phosphate backbone of the DNA molecule c) sugar-phosphate backbone; pair of bases

c) sugar-phosphate backbone; pair of bases

An intron is... a) part of an RNA transcript that is not present in the DNA template. b) a type of transfer RNA. c) a polypeptide that is clipped out of a larger protein post-translationally. d) an RNA sequence that is removed during the processing of an RNA molecule in the nucleus. e) part of an intact, mature mRNA that leaves the nucleus.

d) an RNA sequence that is removed during the processing of an RNA molecule in the nucleus.

The type of RNA that physically interacts with a ribosome, providing the sequence information for a specific protein, is abbreviated: a) siRNA. b) rRNA. c) tRNA. d) mRNA. e) snRNA.

d) mRNA.

Translation is the process by which: a) an RNA molecule is used to repair damage to a related DNA molecule. b) a section of DNA is used as information to generate an RNA molecule. c) ribosomes read the information in a DNA molecule and use it to synthesize protein. d) ribosomes synthesize protein from information in an RNA molecule. e) the information in DNA is used to synthesize an exact copy of that DNA.

d) ribosomes synthesize protein from information in an RNA molecule.

Which of the following CORRECTLY describes the complementary base pairing of adenine in both DNA and RNA? a) Adenine pairs with uracil in DNA and with thymine in RNA. b) Adenine pairs with cytosine in DNA and with guanine in RNA. c) Adenine pairs with guanine in DNA and with cytosine in RNA. d) Adenine pairs with thymine in both DNA and RNA. e) Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA.

e) Adenine pairs with thymine in DNA and with uracil in RNA.

In which of the following cellular processes is RNA involved? a) splicing b) transcription c) translation d) transcription and translation e) All of these choices are correct.

e) All of these choices are correct.

RNA polymerase complex can do which of the following? a) release a finished RNA transcript from a DNA template b) allow RNA-DNA hybrids to form c) restore the original DNA strands d) separate DNA strands e) All of these choices are correct.

e) All of these choices are correct.

The central dogma of molecular biology states that information flows from... a) protein to RNA to DNA. b) RNA to DNA to protein. c) RNA to protein to DNA. d) DNA directly to protein. e) DNA to RNA to protein.

e) DNA to RNA to protein.

T or F: A hydrogen atom is present on the 3′ carbon in the ribose of DNA nucleotides, whereas a hydroxyl group is present at the same position on RNA nucleotides.

false

T or F: Hydrogen bonds and phosphodiester bonds maintain the structure of DNA molecules, whereas only phosphodiester bonds are important for the structure of RNA molecules.

false

T or F: RNA is the primary long-term storage molecule for genetic information in eukaryotic cells.

false

T or F: The DNA and RNA molecules in a cell are copied by replication before a cell divides.

false

T or F: The nitrogenous base thymine is present in DNA and RNA, while uracil is present only in RNA.

false

T or F: DNA is usually a double-stranded molecule, and RNA is usually single-stranded.

true

T or F: Some RNA molecules possess catalytic activity.

true