Chapter 3 OB

Survival time of sperm

5 days

At which stage of prenatal development is the embryo termed a fetus?

9 weeks

Which type of multiple birth is associated with the finding of an incompletely divided embryonic disc?

Conjoined twins

The nursing instructor is teaching student nurses about the process of fertilization. Which statement by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

"Fertilization takes place in the outer third of the fallopian tube".

The nursing instructor asks a nursing student to describe the process of quickening after teaching about changes that occur in pregnancy. Which statement made by the student nurse indicates effective learning?

"It is fetal movement when it is first felt by the mother."

Which response from the nurse is accurate when a pregnant woman having ultrasound examination at 8 weeks of gestation asks if she may learn her expectant child's sex?

"The 10th week is when the external genitalia are visible on ultrasound."

A patient wishing to become pregnant and with a positive ovulation test informs the nurse that she had intercourse 3 days previously. Which guidance would the nurse provide to the patient?

"You should take a home pregnancy test after a month."

umbilical cord

-2 arteries -1 vein -Life line. -deoxygentated blood away. -oxygen is given.

Age of viability

-20 weeks of gestation. -The lungs have matured functionally enough for the fetus to survive outside the uterus, but special care in the (NICU) would be reqiured.

Placenta

-A temporary organ for fetal respiration, nutrition and excretion.

Fetal circulation what they bypass?

-Bypasses the foramen ovale because the pressure on the right of the heart falls as the lungs become fully inflated and now little resistance to blood flow.

Folic Acid

-Can prevent most neural tube defects such as spina bifida.

Zygote

-Cell formed by the union of the sperm and the ovum, and it is transported through the fallopian tube and into the uterus.

Wharton's jelly

-Covers and cushions cord vessels keeping 3 vessels separate. -Slippery

Human Placental Lactogen

-Decrease insulin sensitivity and utilization of glucose by mom.

Monozygotic

-Develops from same fertilized ovum. -Each have own amnion with common chorion and placenta. -Twins

Amniotic fluid

-Maintains even temp. -Prevents amniotic sac from sticking to fetal skin. -Allows symmetrical growth. -Allows buoyancy and fetal movement. -Acts ascushion to protect fetus and umbilical cord from injury.

Fertilization

-Normally occurs in the outer third of the fallopian tube. -Enfumdiplulum.

Progesterone

-Produced by Corpus luteum. -Maintains Uterine lining. -Decrease uterine contractions. -Preps breast glands for lactation. -Stimulates testes.

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

-Sends signal to corpus luteum that conception occured, 7-9 days without fertilization.

Estrogen

-Stimulates uterine growth. -Increase blood flow to uterine vessels. -Stimulates dev. of breast ducts.

The nursing instructor is teaching student nurses about the factors affecting the sex of a fetus. Which statements should the nursing instructor include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

-The male partner determines the sex of the fetus but not the female partner." -"A male fetus results when a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes the ovum. -"A female fetus results when a sperm carrying an X chromosome fertilizes the ovum."

The nursing instructor is teaching a student nurse about postfertilization events. Which statements by the student nurse indicate effective learning? Select all that apply.

-The zygote undergoes rapid mitotic divisions after fertilization. -The blastomere is an eight-celled structure resulting from mitosis

Fetal circulation

-ductus venosus-Liver. -foramen ovale-bypasses the lungs. -ductus arteriosus

The nurse is caring for a patient at 3 weeks of gestation. The patient tells the nurse, "I really want to know the sex of my baby. When can I find out?" Which response does the nurse give to the patient?

17 weeks

A patient asks the nurse at what age could her baby survive if it is born. Which gestational age would the nurse inform the patient is considered viable?

20 weeks

How long does the ovum survive after ovulation?

24 hours

Which is the most likely outcome in a patient with multifetal gestation and each fetus has a separate amnion but a common chorion and placenta?

Birth of identical twins

Which characteristics does a fetus display at 25 weeks of gestation?

Body is covered by lanugo.

Teratogens

Cause damage to growing cells include some prescribed medications, maternal undernutrition, and smoking by the mother. Cataorgy C, D, X medication.

Which would the nurse use to describe fetal circulation through the foramen ovale?

Diverts most blood from the right atrium to the left atrium.

The nursing instructor is teaching student nurses about the formation of dizygotic and monozygotic twins. Which statement does the nursing instructor include in the teaching?

Dizygotic twins are formed as a result of the fusion of two eggs with two sperm.

4 main Teratogens

Drugs Chemicals Infectious agents Radiation

At which stage of delivery would the nurse expect complications in a fetus as the result of a difference between the maternal and fetal blood groups?

During separation of the placental membranes

Which germ layer forms the fetal nervous system?

Ectoderm

A postpartum Asian patient tells the nurse that her family members are disappointed in her, as she failed to give birth to a baby of their desired sex. Which is the most important nursing intervention in this situation?

Explain to the family members that the father contributes to the actual sex of the baby.

The nurse is caring for a patient who delivered a preterm male neonate at 28 weeks of gestation. Which findings would the nurse expect during the physical examination of the neonate?

Fingernails

Deficiency of which nutrient in the mother is associated with a neural tube defect in the fetus?

Folic acid

Alteration in which blood level is associated with intrauterine growth restriction resulting in a reduced number of pancreatic beta cells?

Insulin

Which body parts are formed from the ectodermal germ layer?

Nails and hair Mucous membrane of anus

Which disorder does the intake of folic acid help prevent in the fetus?

Neural tube

Maternal use of which substance places a fetus at risk for developing drug dependence, congenital anomalies, and infection?

Nicotine

Which maternal hormone reduces uterine contractions as a means of preventing spontaneous abortion?

Progesterone

Which condition is associated with spontaneous abortion?

Reduced progesterone levels

Which complication would the nurse assess for in an infant diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome?

Reopening of the foramen ovale

From which structure is blood diverted by the ductus venosus in fetal circulation?

The Liver

Which combination of chromosomes would the nurse understand result in female offspring?

The X chromosome from a man must unite with an X chromosome of a woman.

Which statement is correct with regards to the tubal transport of the zygote?

The zygote gets implanted in the lining of the tube, causing tubal ectopic pregnancy.

Which information would the nursing instructor give to the students regarding fetal blood supply?

Two umbilical blood vessels carry blood away from the fetus.

Which anatomic location is the usual site of zygote implantation in the female reproductive system?

Upper section of the posterior uterine wall

Dizygotic

fraternal twins -2 separate ova -2 separate sperm -2 amnions -2 chorions -2 placentas

Surfactant is?

tells when the lungs to mature