chapter 3 oceanography mastering questions

Satellites use microwave beams to measure sea level to an accuracy of four ________.

centimeters

Older lithosphere is destroyed in association with:

deep-sea trenches.

Which of the following features is related to transform faults along mid-ocean ridges?

fracture zpnes

A tablemount is another name for a(n) ________.

guyot

Volcanic features on the ocean floor that are less than 1000 meters tall are called ________.

seaknolls or abyssal plains

The method that is used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is:

sound waves (specifically seismic reflecting profiling).

Characteristics of passive continental margins include which of the following?

Broad continental shelves

a generally flat zone extending from the shore to the shelf break

Continental shelf

Where does the deep-ocean basin begin along a passive continental margin?

Continental slope

Which of the following is an example of a passive continental margin?

East Coast of the United States

What is bathymetry?

the study of the depth of the ocean

All true oceanic islands are ________ in origin.

volcanic

Recall that the speed of sound in water is 1507 meters/second (4944 feet/second). If a sonar sounding had a total travel time of 5 seconds, what is the water depth?

3767.5 meters (12,360.5 feet)

flat depositional areas that cover extensive portions of the deep-ocean basins

Abyssal plain

Why is Greenland currently an area of active seafloor research?

Coastal water depths surrounding Greenland have not yet been well documented. Deep ocean currents cause coastal glaciers to melt.

area extending for the shore to the deep ocean

Continental margin

deep linear scars in the deep-ocean floor caused by plate convergence

Ocean trench

narrow and deep valleys on continental slopes

Submarine canyon

Which of the following is the predominant process that forms the thick blanket of sediment on abyssal plains the deep-ocean floor?

Suspension settling

Which part of Earth's cumulative hypsographic curve includes the mid-ocean ridges?

The shallowest slope below sea level

Submarine canyons were most likely formed by:

erosion by turbidity currents.

What is/are the advantage(s) of a multibeam sounder compared to traditional echo sounding?

more accurate provides a swath of measurements with each sweep of the seafloor more detailed provides information about seafloor composition

Segments of the oceanic ridge system that are gentler and less rugged in slope due to faster rates of seafloor spreading are called:

oceanic rises.

With respect to mid-ocean ridges, transform faults are:

perpendicular to the ridge axis.

What feature(s) can be recognized using multibeam sonar?

ridge axis tablemount shipwreck seamount

volcanic peaks on the deep-ocean floor with conical tops are called:

seamounts

The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is:

shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain.

Warm water (From 30°C to 350°C) hydrothermal vents form:

white smokers.