Chapter 3: Perception

To demonstrate the complexity of human perception, a challenge took place in California where entrants had to design a motorized vehicle that could drive through a 55-mile course without human assistance. The winning vehicle was only able to stay on the course and avoid various obstacles while traveling at a rate of ____ miles per hour.

14

If a word is identified more easily when it is in a sentence than when it is presented alone, this would be an example of _____ processing

top-down

The sequence of steps that includes the image on the retina, changing the image into electrical signals, and neural processing is an example of _____ processing

Bottom-up

You look at a rope coiled on a beach and are able to perceive it as a single strand because of the law of

Gestalt Grouping laws: Good continuation

Some perceptions result from assumptions we make about the environment that we are not even aware of. This theory of unconscious inference was developed by

Helmholtz

The landmark discrimination problem is more difficult to do if you have damage to your _____lobe. What about for object discrimination

Parietal; temporal

When you listen to someone speaking a foreign language with which you are unfamiliar, the words may all seem to sound the same. You may find yourself wondering how those speakers are communicating when they are using the same words over and over again. The Gestalt law that is affecting you here is the law of

Similarity

Viewpoint Invariance

The ability to recognize the same object even if it is seen from different perspectives

Pragnanz

The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible

Palmer's experiment, in which he asked people to identify objects in a kitchen, showed how _______ can affect perception

context

Gauthier and coworkers' experiment on experience-dependent plasticity showed that after extensive ""Greeble recognition"" training sessions, FFA neurons had a(n) _______ response to faces and an _________ response to Greebles

decreased; increased

According to your textbook, perception goes beyond the simple receipt of sensory information. It is involved in many different cognitive skills. Which of the following is not one of those skills as noted by the chapter?

experiencing neuromodulation

The theory of unconscious inference includes the

likelihood principle

Amhad is doing an experiment in which he has to choose between the object he has been shown previously (the target object) and another object. Choosing the target object will result in a reward. What sort of task is Amhad doing?

object discrimination problem

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the

oblique effect

The demonstration in your text that asks you to visualize scenes such as an office, a department store clothing section, a lion, and a microscope often results in more details in the scene of the office or department store than the scene with the lion or microscope. The latter two tend to have fewer details because most individuals from modern society have less knowledge of _____ in those scenes

semantic regularities

When Carlos moved to the U.S., he did not understand any English. Phrases like ""Anna Mary Can Pi And I Scream Class Hick"" didn't make any sense to him. Now that Carlos has been learning English, he recognizes this phrase as ""An American Pie and Ice Cream Classic."" This example illustrates that Carlos was not capable of ____ in English

speech segmentation

The ""textured wall"" example from your text illustrates

the light-from-above heuristic

The pathway leading from the striate cortex to the temporal lobe is known as the

what pathway