Chapter 3 - Study Guide

self- concept

A description of the qualities that characterize or perceptions we have about ourselves is our ___?

83%

According to the Connections feature at the beginning of the chapter, what percentage of students report coping another's homework?

psychosocial theory

Erikson's theory is called a ___ of development because of its integration of psychological changes and the social world

true

High schools students report as much as 75% of them are involved in some form of serious cheating

number will vary depending on the individual

How many elements are contained in a single individual's self concept?

false

Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning contained moral realism and the morality of cooperation.

trust

Preschool caregivers should maintain consistency of care when meeting the dynamic needs of individual children. This will lead to the child developing which of the following?

moral education programs; character education programs

__ programs focus on individual morality, whereas __ programs focus on the transmission of core values

self-efficacy

___ refers to beliefs about one's abilities to produce effects in the world.

socialization

___ refers to the way in which other members of society influence our behaviors

false

as we get older, our ability to take another's perspective actually decreases

false

generativity versus stagnation is considered to one of the two school age developmental crisis

false

group self esteem is almost always the same as personal self esteem

all these qualities (self esteem, self concept, self efficacy)

higher academic achievement is generally associated with high which of the following?

struggle academically

if a student has high self esteem, but a perception of a lack of control, his is likely to do which of the following?

trust versus mistrust

in the ___ developmental crisis, the individual wrestles with whether the world is a place that can provide consistent care, support, and comfort.

post conventional

johnny finds a 20 dollar bill on the ground and donates it to charity. he knows his is supposed to give it to his teacher, but he believes strongly in helping the needy and feels the charitable donation will be a better use of the money. Kohlberg would say his at what stage of moral reasoning?

false

making a moral decision based on the personal impact of the outcome is characteristic of the conventional level of moral reasoning

self- esteem

mark feels he is an honest person, but that his honesty often leads to others taking advantage of him. His emotional reaction to this quality of honesty is referred to as ___.

false

physical, social, and emotional self perceptions strongly influence academic success.

false

pragmatic language skills are explicit verbal cues that have little to do with non-verbal types of body language

both verbal and non verbal skills

pragmatic language skills involve which of the following?

equal or higher self -esteem relative to the majority culture

research on ethnic minorities generally show which of the following?

self esteem is relatively equal between gender

research on self esteem and gender find which of the following to be true at younger ages?

true

self concept is actually made up of multiple sub-categories

true

self efficacy refers to beliefs about one's abilities to produce effects in the world

false

self esteem is conceptually the same thing as self concept

true

social competence is based on both the social skills a child has learned and how those skills are sued and received by others

peer neglected

some children are neither actively disliked nor excluded, but neither are they actively liked by their peers. We refer to these children as __?

true

some research has shown that boys and girls are similar on measures of self esteem, but show discrepancies, favoring men, as they get older.

true

the Bully Victimization Scale is a measurement instrument the can help educators identify bullying and victims

false

the cornerstone of Erik Erikson psychosocial theory is how we progress through four developmental crises.

reflective appraisal

the interplay between how we view ourselves and how others view us has been termed.

true

the interplay between how we view ourselves and how others view use has been termed reflective apprasial

intent

the main difference between Piaget's morality of realism and his morality of cooperation is ?

true

the moral dilemma was a research tool used by Lawrence Kohlberg

true

there is a gender difference between types of aggression used by a bully, with girls more likely to use relational aggression.

true

there is a great difference between what people say they would do in a given situation and what they would actually do, a point often overlooked by morality researchers

true

to promote positive self-perceptions in the classroom, teachers should try to teach the student's zone of proximal development

skills they could learn with appropriate assistance

to promote positive self-perceptions, what should teachers attempt to teach students?

developmental crisis

trust versus mistrust represents what in Erikson's psychosocial theory?

they struggleskil with which elements of character to teach

what is a problem with character education programs

as we get older, our ability to take the perception of others increases

what the basic developmental pattern in Selman's perspective taking theory?

achievement

which of Marcia's identity statuses is most closely associated with active exploration?

they are sometimes the victim

which of the following is true of bullies