Chapter 3 - Study Guide
self- concept
A description of the qualities that characterize or perceptions we have about ourselves is our ___?
83%
According to the Connections feature at the beginning of the chapter, what percentage of students report coping another's homework?
psychosocial theory
Erikson's theory is called a ___ of development because of its integration of psychological changes and the social world
true
High schools students report as much as 75% of them are involved in some form of serious cheating
number will vary depending on the individual
How many elements are contained in a single individual's self concept?
false
Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning contained moral realism and the morality of cooperation.
trust
Preschool caregivers should maintain consistency of care when meeting the dynamic needs of individual children. This will lead to the child developing which of the following?
moral education programs; character education programs
__ programs focus on individual morality, whereas __ programs focus on the transmission of core values
self-efficacy
___ refers to beliefs about one's abilities to produce effects in the world.
socialization
___ refers to the way in which other members of society influence our behaviors
false
as we get older, our ability to take another's perspective actually decreases
false
generativity versus stagnation is considered to one of the two school age developmental crisis
false
group self esteem is almost always the same as personal self esteem
all these qualities (self esteem, self concept, self efficacy)
higher academic achievement is generally associated with high which of the following?
struggle academically
if a student has high self esteem, but a perception of a lack of control, his is likely to do which of the following?
trust versus mistrust
in the ___ developmental crisis, the individual wrestles with whether the world is a place that can provide consistent care, support, and comfort.
post conventional
johnny finds a 20 dollar bill on the ground and donates it to charity. he knows his is supposed to give it to his teacher, but he believes strongly in helping the needy and feels the charitable donation will be a better use of the money. Kohlberg would say his at what stage of moral reasoning?
false
making a moral decision based on the personal impact of the outcome is characteristic of the conventional level of moral reasoning
self- esteem
mark feels he is an honest person, but that his honesty often leads to others taking advantage of him. His emotional reaction to this quality of honesty is referred to as ___.
false
physical, social, and emotional self perceptions strongly influence academic success.
false
pragmatic language skills are explicit verbal cues that have little to do with non-verbal types of body language
both verbal and non verbal skills
pragmatic language skills involve which of the following?
equal or higher self -esteem relative to the majority culture
research on ethnic minorities generally show which of the following?
self esteem is relatively equal between gender
research on self esteem and gender find which of the following to be true at younger ages?
true
self concept is actually made up of multiple sub-categories
true
self efficacy refers to beliefs about one's abilities to produce effects in the world
false
self esteem is conceptually the same thing as self concept
true
social competence is based on both the social skills a child has learned and how those skills are sued and received by others
peer neglected
some children are neither actively disliked nor excluded, but neither are they actively liked by their peers. We refer to these children as __?
true
some research has shown that boys and girls are similar on measures of self esteem, but show discrepancies, favoring men, as they get older.
true
the Bully Victimization Scale is a measurement instrument the can help educators identify bullying and victims
false
the cornerstone of Erik Erikson psychosocial theory is how we progress through four developmental crises.
reflective appraisal
the interplay between how we view ourselves and how others view us has been termed.
true
the interplay between how we view ourselves and how others view use has been termed reflective apprasial
intent
the main difference between Piaget's morality of realism and his morality of cooperation is ?
true
the moral dilemma was a research tool used by Lawrence Kohlberg
true
there is a gender difference between types of aggression used by a bully, with girls more likely to use relational aggression.
true
there is a great difference between what people say they would do in a given situation and what they would actually do, a point often overlooked by morality researchers
true
to promote positive self-perceptions in the classroom, teachers should try to teach the student's zone of proximal development
skills they could learn with appropriate assistance
to promote positive self-perceptions, what should teachers attempt to teach students?
developmental crisis
trust versus mistrust represents what in Erikson's psychosocial theory?
they struggleskil with which elements of character to teach
what is a problem with character education programs
as we get older, our ability to take the perception of others increases
what the basic developmental pattern in Selman's perspective taking theory?
achievement
which of Marcia's identity statuses is most closely associated with active exploration?
they are sometimes the victim
which of the following is true of bullies