Chapter 3: Values, Ethics, and Legal Issues

A nurse who views conflict as positive might find ______

Are use of respect, communication, collaborative care, equilibrium, Harmony, service, and creativity enhanced

What are often linked with values but are not the same as values

Attitudes beliefs and behaviors

What is a value system

A learned set of principles and rules

What is value inquiry

A method of examining social issues that value that motivate human choices

What do you living wills often include

A proxy directive

What are behaviors?

Actions that can be perceived or noticed

What is confidentiality

All information regarding a patient's condition including types of tests ordered or results is confidential

What are institutional policies

Guidelines developed by organizations or agencies to direct professional practice

Institution teach faith principles deemed important for?

Decision making in daily life

What does nonmaleficence mean?

Do you avoid doing harm, to remove from home, to prevent from harm

What does beneficence mean?

Doing good are promoting good to help others

How does a nurse protect the patients privacy

Ensuring that the patient's body is properly covered

What do sports interaction provide

Essential opportunity for peer value sharing and interaction

What are different ways people can use values clarification

Examine past situations and decisions, reflect on current options and future decisions, or explore how they spend their time by listening activities in typical 24 hour periods

What is a living will

In advance directive that specifies the types of medical treatment patients do and do not want to receive should they become in able to speak for themselves in a terminal or permanently or conscious condition

What does morality focus on

Intentions and actions that are viewed as good or right, compared to those that are viewed as bad or wrong

What is another step to resolve value conflicts

Investigate healthcare system policies as a guide for practice

What does moral courage help nurses provide

It helps nurses provide both ethical and legal patient care

How can value conflicts be resolved if nurses are aware of their own values in the values of other?

It may entail using values clarification and value inquiry activities

What does using ethical thinking to make decisions about care promote

It promotes ethical nursing practice

Moral courage

The ability to surmount here and act protect patients rights and values

What is civil law?

The body of law that deals with relationships between private individuals

What are organizational ethics Committees required by

The joint commission

What are values in nursing

Mental maps for decision making that endure for a significant time in one's life Ideas used to determine what is right or wrong

What does capacity mean

Mental or physical disability

What must a nurse do to fill the commitment to the patients during a crisis

Nurse agrees to be a resort to a patient during the crisis the nurse must fulfill commitment

What is civil law also referred to

Private law

What is moral failure

Thoughts of regret loss and kill as well as feelings of powerlessness

Nurses who view conflict as negative might feel ____

Threatened because their own values for self competence, duty, success, authority, and esteem maybe question

What is a worldview?

Unquestioned framework or predominant set up assumptions through which people view life. A perspective and outlook

How does case study incidence provide ways to facilitate the values inquiry process in nursing

Using a viewpoint lens to understand values can help nurses see how values differ depending on one's viewpoint

What are different types of strategies used to resolve ethical dilemmas

Validate feelings, conduct a case analysis, identify outcomes, identify shirt and long-term goals, clarify accountabilities, follow through, resolve actions and evaluate impact

When are value conflicts most notably seen

When someone is diagnosed with an illness, is considering treatment option, or is in need of end of life care

What are Laws in nursing

Rules or standards of human conduct established by legislative bodies interpreted by courts to protect the rights of citizens

What are advanced directives

legal documents to make medical decision for patients when they are unable

What is privacy?

Involves appropriately using that patient information

Do you ethical dilemmas in healthcare involve

Issues surrounding professional actions in patient care decisions

Do behaviors indicate

Values

What do you religious institution often codified in ritualized into their various activities

Values

What are professional ethics?

Values held by a disciplinary group deemed as having generalize standards of conduct to be held in all situation

Case analysis is one method for _____

Values inquiry

What does worldview determine

Values which guide actions

What does autonomy mean

Creating the conditions in which patients can make their own decisions in light of their values and circumstances

What is the contemporary focus help understand

Cultural meanings experiences and inner emotions

Where did the idea worldview originate

German philosophy

What are beliefs?

Ideas that one accepts as true they may be expressed by such things as decisions opinions and creed

When would a surrogate decisionmaker be needed

Infants and young children, people who are severely mentally handicapped or incapacitated, and people in the persistent vegetative state or coma

What is legal nursing practice based on

It is based on the standards of care in the applicable nurse practice act within a nurses state or territory of licensure

How do children learn Cultural values

Parents guardians and family caregivers

What is informed consent based on

Patience preferences, providers must uphold patients autonomy by respecting cultural diversity

Outcomes for the care and treatment for a terminally ill patient may include goals such as

Planning for pain relief, setting up hospice, identifying a surrogate decisionmaker, in determining whether or not the patient will be resuscitated if cardiac arrest occurs

What are some value clarification methods

Pros and con list, a rating and ranking task approach, a rating approach using a scale, and values check off approach

What are nurses commitments to patients

Providing safe care and maintaining competence in nursing practice

What are the ethical values that guide the behavior of healthcare professional towards patients and their families

Veracity, fidelity, privacy, and confidentiality

When a nurse has a conflict and wishes to understand the values underlying the conflict what question should she ask

What are the claims from the viewpoint of the patient? What are the factors from the viewpoint of the nurse? What are the claims from the viewpoint of the family? What values are represented in each of the viewpoints of the claim statement? What is the cultural worldviewIn orientation system that helps to define each claim as important? What are the possible solution from the point of you of the patient, family, and nurse? What are the advantages and disadvantage is of each possible solution?

What does morality derive from

principles of conscience and that rules are cooperative agreement that can be modified

What is ethics?

A branch of philosophy with emphasis on morality

What did the American hospital association create for patients and families during Hospitalization

A brochure with six basic rights for patients and families, ethical values and legal rules that guide their behavior healthcare professional towards patients and their families

What is a proxy directive sometimes referred to as

A durable power of attorney for health care

What is validation?

A way of acknowledging and identify feelings as credible

How do Peer groups define themselves

By common interests, needs, and problems

How do nurses achieve personal and professional success

By identifying ethical and legal clinical practice problems and by using their knowledge and skills to achieve resolution

Does acceptance promote

Communication necessary for well coordinated health care

What do religious places of worship or institutions form

Communities of belonging anchored in faith traditions that shape a person sense of value

What does Fidelity mean

Faithful to one's commitments and promises

What does identifying outcomes provide

Focus and consistency to treatment plan

How are values codified

In social systems such as family school and religious interactions

When may nurses experience moral failure

In times of uncertainty and when a resolution is not determined or not quickly seen

What are the three main issues that arise regarding resolution of value conflicts

One the perception of conflict, the meaning of resolution, and three the values underlying the resolution process

What is an attitude?

Ones disposition towards an object or situation

Does proxy directive allow patients to designate

Other person to make decisions if they become incapacitated and cannot make decisions independently

It's a loss of privacy occur

Others inappropriately use their access to a person

What are personal values

Our beliefs a person considered highly important and are learned through interactions with social systems

Once information and all the categories has been Considered what can be formulated

Realistic outcomes

What is often embedded in a patient's decision making about health

Religious-based and faith based value systems

What can fidelity also be thought as

Social contract that's exists between patient and any nurse who cares for that patient

What is veracity?

Telling the truth

Does respect for persons mean

That individuals are treated as autonomous agents and that persons who have limited autonomy protected

What is confidentiality?

That information about a patient be kept private

What does a nurses behaviors demonstrate

The value that hold priority

When a nurse takes time to reflect on their behaviors what can it illuminate

Their values and value system

What are healthcare professional obligated to do in the means of veracity

To be honest with patient

What is avoidable moral failure

We're by nurses select an option based on their needs and not the needs of the patient

What do contemporary approaches to morality focus on

What is important to people as individuals or within their roles

What does validation help within the patient

When a person is validated acceptance is perceived

When do value systems help people decide which value is most important

When choosing between alternatives and making decisions

When does unavoidable moral failure occur

When nurses select an option, after careful at the core deliberations, between two compatible moral choices both of which have challenging unintended consequences

What do values clarification method help people identify

Your own values when provided with a specific decision

What is justice?

A concept involving making decisions about resource allocations for society groups

What are principlism approaches

And ethical framework that assesses situations as of right or wrong by outlining in defining major tenets of ethical care, and so called principles

What is value certification methods

Approaches used to help providers or patience identify what is important when giving an option or attributes of options in a decision making situation in order to identify preferences

At the most basic level, infants begin value development within establishment of trust and ________

Autonomy

Adults with capacity to make healthcare decisions have the right ____

Consent to or refused treatment

Organizational ethic committees are important vehicles for working through...

Ethical issues in practice

What does the AHA encourage from ethic committees

The development of Ethic committee as interdisciplinary vehicles for identifying and addressing ethical issues

What is morality?

The set of believes about the standards of right and wrong that help a person determine the correct or permissible action in a given situation

Who can conduct a case analysis

Those directly involved in the case

What certain assumptions underlying the process of value clarification method

Those participating must feel comfortable Identifying and sharing values

When does a dilemma occur for nurses?

When one must choose between two mutually incompatible in similarly waited obligation

When do ethical conflicts arise ?

because the parties involved for different values underlying the goals for treatment for those concerning treatment options