Chapter 30 Multiple Choice

Which group is noted for the independence of gametophyte and sporophyte generations from each other? A) ferns B) mosses, hornworts, and liverworts C) charophytes D) angiosperms E) gymnosperms

Answer: A) ferns

In seed plants, which of the following is part of a pollen grain and has a function most like that of the seed coat? A) sporophyll B) male gametophyte C) sporopollenin D) stigma E) sporangium

Answer: C) sporopollenin

Which of the following statements correctly describes a portion of the pine life cycle? A) Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs. B) Seeds are produced in pollen-producing cones. C) Pollen grains contain female gametophytes. D) A pollen tube slowly digests its way through the triploid endosperm.

Answer: A) Female gametophytes use mitosis to produce eggs

Which of the following is true concerning flowering plants? A) The flower includes sporophyte tissue. B) The gametophyte generation is dominant. C) The gametophyte generation is what we see when looking at a large plant. D) The sporophyte generation is not photosynthetic. E) The sporophyte generation consists of relatively few cells within the flower.

Answer: A) The flower includes sporophyte tissue.

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the pollen tube? A) male gametophyte B) female gametophyte C) male sporophyte D) female sporophyte

Answer: A) male gametophyte

Which of the following flower parts develops into a seed? A) ovule B) ovary C) fruit D) stamen

Answer: A) ovule

Within a gymnosperm megasporangium, what is the correct sequence in which the following should appear during development, assuming that fertilization occurs? 1. sporophyte embryo 2. female gametophyte 3. egg cell 4. megaspore A) 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 B) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1 C) 4 → 1 → 2 → 3 D) 1 → 4 → 3 → 2 E) 1 → 4 → 2 → 3

Answer: B) 4 → 2 → 3 → 1

How have fruits contributed to the success of angiosperms? A) by nourishing the plants that make them B) by facilitating dispersal of seeds C) by attracting insects to the pollen inside D) by producing sperm and eggs inside a protective coat E) by producing triploid cells via double fertilization

Answer: B) by facilitating dispersal of seeds

Cutting down rain forests can lead to A) decreased temperatures. B) decreased rainfall. C) decreased atmospheric carbon dioxide. D) increased biodiversity. E) more than one of these.

Answer: B) decreased rainfall.

Which of the following is a characteristic of all angiosperms? A) complete reliance on wind as the pollinating agent B) double internal fertilization C) free-living gametophytes D) carpels that contain microsporangia E) ovules that are not contained within ovaries

Answer: B) double internal fertilization

Generally, wind pollination is most likely to be found in seed plants that grow A) close to the ground. B) in dense, single-species stands. C) in relative isolation from other members of the same species. D) along coastlines where prevailing winds blow from the land out to sea. E) in well-drained soils.

Answer: B) in dense, single-species stands.

Which of the following are structures of angiosperm gametophytes? A) immature ovules B) pollen tubes C) ovaries D) stamens E) sepals

Answer: B) pollen tubes

Which trait(s) is (are) shared by many modern gymnosperms and angiosperms? 1. pollen transported by wind 2. lignified xylem 3. microscopic gametophytes 4. sterile sporophylls, modified to attract pollinators 5. endosperm A) 1 only B) 1 and 3 C) 1, 2, and 3 D) 1, 3, and 5 E) 2, 4, and 5

Answer: C) 1, 2, and 3

Suppose that the cells of seed plants, like the skin cells of humans, produce a pigment upon increased exposure to UV radiation. Rank the following cells, from greatest to least, in terms of the likelihood of producing this pigment. 1. cells of sporangium 2. cells in the interior of a subterranean root 3. epidermal cells of sporophyte megaphylls 4. cells of a gametophyte A) 3, 4, 1, 2 B) 3, 4, 2, 1 C) 3, 1, 4, 2 D) 3, 2, 1, 4 E) 3, 1, 2, 4

Answer: C) 3, 1, 4, 2

A researcher has developed two stains for use with seed plants. One stains sporophyte tissue blue; the other stains gametophyte tissue red. If the researcher exposes pollen grains to both stains, and then rinses away the excess stain, what should occur? A) The pollen grains will be pure red. B) The pollen grains will be pure blue. C) The pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors. D) The pollen grains will have blue interiors and red exteriors. E) Insofar as the pollen grains are independent of the plant that produced them, they will not absorb either stain.

Answer: C) The pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors.

What is true of stamens, sepals, petals, carpels, and pinecone scales? A) They are female reproductive parts. B) None are capable of photosynthesis. C) They are modified leaves. D) They are found on flowers. E) They are found on angiosperms.

Answer: C) They are modified leaves.

The seeds of orchids are among the smallest known, with virtually no endosperm and with miniscule seed leaves. Consequently, what should one expect to be true of such seeds? A) They require extensive periods of dormancy during which the embryo develops. B) They are surrounded by brightly colored, sweet fruit. C) They germinate very soon after being released from the ovary. D) The developing embryo within is dependent upon the gametophyte for nutrition. E) The sporophytes that produce such seeds are wind-pollinated.

Answer: C) They germinate very soon after being released from the ovary.

Which of the following statements is true of monocots? A) They are currently thought to be polyphyletic. B) The veins of their leaves form a netlike pattern. C) They, along with the eudicots, magnoliids, and basal angiosperms, are currently placed in the phylum Anthophyta. D) Each possesses multiple cotyledons. E) They are in the clade that includes most of our crops, except the cereal grains.

Answer: C) They, along with the eudicots, magnoliids, and basal angiosperms, are currently placed in the phylum Anthophyta.

Angiosperms are the most successful terrestrial plants. Which of the following features is unique to them and helps account for their success? A) wind pollination B) dominant gametophytes C) fruits enclosing seeds D) embryos enclosed within seed coats E) sperm cells without flagella

Answer: C) fruits enclosing seeds

Gymnosperms differ from both extinct and extant (living) ferns because they A) are woody. B) have macrophylls. C) have pollen. D) have sporophylls. E) have spores.

Answer: C) have pollen.

Which of the following is most important in making the typical seed more resistant to adverse conditions than the typical spore? A) a different type of sporopollenin B) an internal reservoir of liquid water C) integument(s) D) ability to be dispersed E) waxy cuticle

Answer: C) integument(s)

Which structure is common to both gymnosperms and angiosperms? A) stigma B) carpel C) ovule D) ovary E) anthers

Answer: C) ovule

In addition to seeds, which of the following characteristics are unique to the seed-producing plants? A) sporopollenin B) lignin present in cell walls C) pollen D) use of air currents as a dispersal agent E) megaphylls

Answer: C) pollen

Which of the following is a true statement about angiosperm carpels? A) Carpels are features of the gametophyte generation. B) Carpels consist of anther and stamen. C) Carpels are structures that directly produce male gametes. D) Carpels surround and nourish the female gametophyte. E) Carpels consist of highly modified microsporangia.

Answer: D) Carpels surround and nourish the female gametophyte.

Which of the following statements is true of the pine life cycle? A) Cones are homologous to the capsules of moss plants. B) The pine tree is a gametophyte. C) Male and female gametophytes are in close proximity during gamete synthesis. D) Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes. E) Double fertilization is a relatively common phenomenon.

Answer: D) Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.

All of the following cellular structures are functionally important in cells of the gametophytes of both angiosperms and gymnosperms except A) haploid nuclei. B) mitochondria. C) cell walls. D) chloroplasts. E) peroxisomes.

Answer: D) chloroplasts.

Hypothetically, one of the major benefits of double fertilization in angiosperms is to A) decrease the potential for mutation by insulating the embryo with other cells. B) increase the number of fertilization events and offspring produced. C) promote diversity in flower shape and color. D) coordinate developmental timing between the embryo and its food stores. E) emphasize embryonic survival by increasing embryo size.

Answer: D) coordinate developmental timing between the embryo and its food stores.

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the fruit? A) male gametophyte B) female gametophyte C) male sporophyte D) female sporophyte

Answer: D) female sporophyte

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the integument of a pine seed? A) male gametophyte B) female gametophyte C) male sporophyte D) female sporophyte

Answer: D) female sporophyte

Which of the following sex and generation combinations most directly produces the megasporangium of pine ovules? A) male gametophyte B) female gametophyte C) male sporophyte D) female sporophyte

Answer: D) female sporophyte

Angiosperm double fertilization is so-called because it features the formation of A) two embryos from one egg and two sperm cells. B) one embryo from one egg fertilized by two sperm cells. C) two embryos from two sperm cells and two eggs. D) one embryo involving one sperm cell and an endosperm involving a second sperm cell. E) one embryo from two eggs fertilized by a single sperm cell.

Answer: D) one embryo involving one sperm cell and an endosperm involving a second sperm cell.

Which of the following can be found in gymnosperms? A) nonfertile flower parts B) triploid endosperm C) fruits D) pollen E) carpels

Answer: D) pollen

6) Arrange the following in the correct sequence, from earliest to most recent, in which these plant traits originated. 1. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte independence 2. sporophyte dominance, gametophyte dependence 3. gametophyte dominance, sporophyte dependence A) 1 → 2 → 3 B) 2 → 3 → 1 C) 2 → 1 → 3 D) 3 → 2 → 1 E) 3 → 1 → 2

Answer: E) 3 → 1 → 2

Arrange the following structures from largest to smallest, assuming that they belong to two generations of the same angiosperm. 1. ovary 2. ovule 3. egg 4. carpel 5. embryo sac A) 4, 2, 1, 5, 3 B) 4, 5, 2, 1, 3 C) 5, 4, 3, 1, 2 D) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3 E) 4, 1, 2, 5, 3

Answer: E) 4, 1, 2, 5, 3

The seed coat's most important function is to provide A) a nonstressful environment for the megasporangium. B) the means for dispersal. C) dormancy. D) a nutrient supply for the embryo. E) desiccation resistance.

Answer: E) desiccation resistance.

In terms of alternation of generations, the internal parts of the pollen grains of seed-producing plants are most similar to a A) moss sporophyte. B) moss gametophyte bearing both male and female gametangia. C) fern sporophyte. D) hermaphroditic fern gametophyte. E) fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia.

Answer: E) fern gametophyte bearing only antheridia.

Many mammals have skins and mucous membranes that are sensitive to phenolic secretions of plants like poison oak (Rhus). These secondary compounds are primarily adaptations that A) prevent desiccation. B) favor pollination. C) foster seed dispersal. D) decrease competition. E) inhibit herbivory.

Answer: E) inhibit herbivory.

Carpels and stamens are A) sporophyte plants in their own right. B) gametophyte plants in their own right. C) gametes. D) spores. E) modified sporophylls.

Answer: E) modified sporophylls.

A botanist discovers a new species of land plant with a dominant sporophyte, chlorophylls a and b, and cell walls made of cellulose. In assigning this plant to a phylum, which of the following, if present, would be least useful? A) endosperm B) seeds C) sperm that lack flagella D) flowers E) spores

Answer: E) spores