Chapter 30 Review (Biology)

51) Which of the following is a scientific concern related to creating genetically modified crops?

A) Herbicide resistance may spread to weedy species.

54) What effects would occur in a mutant of Arabidopsis that cannot synthesize GABA within its flowers?

A) Pollen tube growth would not be directed toward the egg, and fertilization would not occur.

27) As a flower develops, which transition is most likely to occur?

A) The microspores become pollen grains.

31) Which of the following statements argues an advantage for flowering plants to maintain an extended gametophyte generation?

A) The protection of female gametophytes within ovules keeps them from drying out.

47) Which of the following statements is true for a species that produces seeds by apomixis?

A) The seed coat is made of diploid cells derived from the ovule of a flower.

2) A fruit is

A) a mature ovary.

18) Which of the following is incorrectly paired with its life-cycle generation?

A) anther-gametophyte

14) In flowering plants, pollen is released from the

A) anther.

41) Which of the following types of plants are incapable of self-pollination?

A) dioecious

48) Which of the following could be considered an evolutionary advantage of asexual reproduction in plants?

A) increased success of progeny in a stable environment

30) The structure of a mature, functional fruit always includes

A) one or more seeds.

1) You are studying a plant from the Amazon rain forest that shows strong self-incompatibility. To characterize this reproductive mechanism, you would look for

A) ribonuclease (RNAase) activity in stigma cells.

3) At the conclusion of meiosis in plants, the end products are always four haploid A) spores. B) eggs. C) sperm. D) seeds. E) gametes.

A) spores.

4) Which of the following is the correct sequence during the alternation of generations life cycle in a flowering plant? A) sporophyte → meiosis → gametophyte → gametes → fertilization → diploid zygote B) sporophyte → mitosis → gametophyte → meiosis → sporophyte C) haploid gametophyte → gametes → meiosis → fertilization → diploid sporophyte D) sporophyte → spores → meiosis → gametophyte → gametes E) haploid sporophyte → spores → fertilization → diploid gametophyte

A) sporophyte → meiosis → gametophyte → gametes → fertilization → diploid zygote

8) Microsporangia in flowering plants are located in the

A) stamen.

43) Genetic incompatibility does not affect

A) the attraction of a suitable insect pollinator.

50) Biofuels are mainly produced by

A) the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented.

25) Three mitotic divisions within the female gametophyte of a flowering plant will produce

A) three antipodal cells, two polar nuclei, one egg, and two synergids.

20) Which of the following occurs in an angiosperm ovule?

B) A megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis.

13) Which of the following statements regarding flowering plants is false?

B) Female gametophytes develop from megaspores within the anthers.

53) Which of the following statements is true of protoplast fusion?

B) It can be used to form new plant varieties by combining genomes from two plants.

29) Which of the following events suggests there is a change in the egg cell membrane after penetration by a sperm?

B) The Ca2+ concentration increases in the cytoplasm of the egg.

7) The ovary is most often located on/in the

B) carpel.

22) In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent?

B) embryo sac-female gametophyte

11) All of the following are primary functions of flowers except

B) photosynthesis.

12) Meiosis occurs within all of the following flower parts except the

B) style.

42) Recent research has shown that fertilization requires that carpels recognize pollen grains as "self or nonself." For self-incompatibility, the system requires

B) the rejection of self cells.

44) Which of the following is a potential advantage of introducing apomixis into hybrid crop species?

C) All of the desirable traits of the cultivar would be passed on to offspring.

32) What is typically the result of double fertilization in angiosperms?

C) Both a diploid embryo and triploid endosperm are formed.

46) Which of the following is a true statement about clonal reproduction in plants?

C) Making cuttings of ornamental plants is a form of fragmentation.

38) A parent with an S1S2 genotype exhibiting sporophytic self-incompatibility can potentially fertilize which of the following plant genotypes of the same species with pollen grains?

C) S3S4

5) Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

C) Stocks provide root systems for grafting.

1) A seed develops from

C) an ovule.

10) In some angiosperms, other floral parts contribute to what is commonly called the fruit. Which of the following fruits is derived mostly from an enlarged receptacle?

C) apple11) All of the following are primary functions of flowers except

2) A mature, unfertilized ovule in an angiosperm is the result of A) a single meiotic division. B) a single mitotic division. C) both meiotic and mitotic divisions. D) mitosis from the megaspore mother cell. E) differentiation from the suspensor tissues.

C) both meiotic and mitotic divisions.

34) The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths, a(n) ________, which covers the young shoot, and a(n) ________, which covers the young root.

C) coleoptile; coleorhiza

28) The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to

C) form a seed coat.

36) What is the first step in the germination of a seed?

C) imbibition

17) Which of the following is a correct sequence of processes that takes place when a flowering plant reproduces?

C) meiosis → pollination → nuclear fusion → formation of embryo and endosperm

21) Where and by which process are sperm cells formed in plants?

C) mitosis in male gametophyte pollen tube

3) Double fertilization means that

C) one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei.

8) The pollen produced by wind-pollinated plants is often smaller than the pollen produced by animal-pollinated plants. A reason for this might be that

C) small pollen grains can be carried farther by the wind.

24) In flowering plants, a mature male gametophyte contains

C) two sperm nuclei and one tube cell nucleus.

26) What is the difference between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants?

D) Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Fertilization is the fusion of haploid nuclei.

39) S1 pollen from an S1S2 genotype in a species exhibiting gametophytic self-incompatibility could potentially fertilize all the eggs in which genotype(s) of the same species?

D) S2S3

6) Which of the following statements is true of most angiosperms?

D) They have a triploid endosperm within the seed and an ovary that becomes a fruit.

9) The black dots that cover strawberries are actually individual fruits from a flower with multiple carpels. The fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of the flower. Therefore, a strawberry is

D) both an aggregate fruit and an accessory fruit.

6) Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

D) embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY

1) A flowering plant with a deleterious mutation in microsporogenesis would most likely A) fail to produce sepals. B) fail to produce petals. C) fail to produce anthers. D) fail to produce pollen. E) fail to produce ovules.

D) fail to produce pollen.

15) In the life cycle of an angiosperm, which of the following stages is diploid?

D) microsporocyte

35) Fruits develop from

D) ovaries.

23) Which of the following would be considered a multiple fruit?

D) pineapple

9) Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?

D) sepals → petals → stamens → carpels

7) A small flower with green petals is most likely

D) wind-pollinated.

45) Which of the following is true about vegetative reproduction?

E) It produces clones of the parent plant.

5) Which of the following statements is true of plants? A) Mitosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes. B) Meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores. C) The gametophyte is within the flower in angiosperms. D) Mitosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes, and meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores. E) Mitosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes, meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores, and the gametophyte is within the flower in angiosperms.

E) Mitosis occurs in gametophytes to produce gametes, meiosis occurs in sporophytes to produce spores, and the gametophyte is within the flower in angiosperms.

37) Which of the following best describes the ploidy level of a fertilized embryo sac?

E) There are haploid, diploid, and triploid cells.

4) "Golden Rice"

E) contains daffodil genes that increase vitamin A content.

49) The most immediate potential benefits of introducing genetically modified crops include all of the following except

E) decreasing the mutation rate of certain genes.

40) Carpellate flowers

E) develop into fruits.

2) Regardless of where in the world a vineyard is located, in order for the winery to produce a Burgundy, it must use varietal grapes that originated in Burgundy, France. The most effective way for a new California grower to plant a vineyard to produce Burgundy is to

E) graft varietal Burgundy grape scions onto native (Californian) root stocks.

33) Which of the following "vegetables" is botanically a fruit?

E) green beans

16) Where does meiosis occur in a flowering plant?

E) megasporocyte and microsporocyte

19) Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in a pollen sac?

E) microsporocyte → meiosis → microspores → mitosis → two haploid cells per pollen grain

52) All of the following genetic engineering strategies are being pursued with the goal of preventing transgene escape from genetically modified crops except

E) the creation of transgenic crops that hybridize more easily.