Chapter 31: Multiple Gestations

Abnormal links between the placental vessels

Acardiac twinning results from:

high birth weight

All of the following complications are associated with multiple gestations except:

Discordant growth

Asymmetry in fetal weight between twins is indicative of:

Poor nutritional state

Factors that increase the likelihood of having multiple gestations include all of the following except:

Dizygotic twinning

Fraternal twins result from:

Monozygotic twinning

Identical twins result from:

Heterotopic pregnancies

Ovulation induction drugs not only increase the likelihood of multiple gestations, but also increase the likelihood of:

Twin embolization syndrome

The demise of a twin can lead to the development of neurologic complications in the living twin as a result of:

Twin embolization syndrome

The demise of a twin during the second or third trimester can lead to:

Amnion

The inner membrane surrounding the fetus is referred to as the:

All of the above: Monochorionic diamniotic twins, monochorionic monoamniotic twins, Dichorionic diamniotic twins

The most common form of monozygotic twins is:

Chorion

The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as the:

TTTS

The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is termed:

Dichorionic diamniotic twins

The sonographic exam of twins reveals a triangular extension of the placenta at the base of the membrane. This finding is indicative of:

Dichorionic

The term that indicated the presence of two seperate placentas is:

Diamniotic

The term that indicates the presence of 2 separate amniotic sacs is:

monochorionic monoamniotic

Twins having one placenta and one amniotic sac are referred to as:

Dichorionic diamniotic

Twins having two placentas and 2 amniotic sacs are referred to as:

This does not occur

Twins having two placentas and one amniotic sac are referred to as:

Monochorionic monoamniotic

Twins that have the threat of being conjoined are:

Dizygotic

Twins that result from the fertilization of two separate ova are called:

Conjoined

Twins whose bodies are connected at some point are said to be:

Discordant fetal growth

Typically, the first sonographic manifestation of TTTS is:

Preeclampsia

What condition is pregnancy induced maternal high blood pressure and excess protein in the urine after 20 weeks gestation?

endoscopic-guided laser photocoagulation

What is a treatment that separates abnormal placental vascular connections between twins that are suffering from TTTS?

Stuck twin

What is it called when a twin fetus, suffering from TTTS, experiences severe oligohydramnios and becomes closely adhered to the uterine wall?

Monochorionic diamniotic

What is the term for conjoined twins attached at the sacral region?

Dichorionic diamniotic twins

Which of the following can occur as a result of dizygotic twinning?

Pyopagus

Which of the following can occur as a result of monozygotic twinning?

T sign

Which of the following is not a sonographic sign of a dichorionic diamniotic gestation?

pulmonary hypoplasia

Which of the following would a newborn most likely suffer from if he or she were born prior to 32 weeks as a result of multiple gestation complications?

Maternal history of twins

Which of the following would not increase the likelihood of multiple gestations?

Amnionicity

Which term relates the number of amniotic sacs?

Chorionicty

Which term relates the number of placentas?

Omphalopagus

Conjoined twins that are attached at the abdomen are referred to as:

A single zygote that splits

monozygotic twins result from:

acardiac twinning

TRAP syndrome may also be referred to as:

Parasitic twin

The abnormal twin in acardiac twinning is also referred to as:

Recipient

The twin that will appear larger in TTTS is the:

Monochorionic monoamniotic

Which form of monozygotic twinning is least common?