Chapter 31-Multiple gestations

Acardiac twinning results from what?

Abnormal links between the placental vessels

TRAP syndrome may also be referred to as what?

Acardiac twinning

Which of the following can occur as a result of monozygotic twinning? A) Monochorionic Diamniotic B) Monochorionic Monoamniotic C) Dichorionic Diamniotic D) All of the above

All of the above

What is the inner membrane surrounding the fetus referred to as?

Amnion

What term relates to the number of amniotic sacs?

Amnionicity

The outer membrane of the gestation is referred to as the what?

Chorion

What term relates to the number of placentas?

Chorionicity

Twins whose bodies are connected at some point are called what?

Conjoined

The term that indicates the presence of two separate amniotic sacs is what?

Diamniotic

The term that indicates the presence of two separate placenta is what?

Dichorionic

Twins having two placentas and two amniotic sacs are referred to as what?

Dichorionic diamniotic

Which of the following can occur as a result of dizygotic twinning? A) Monochorionic diamniotic twins B) Monochorionic monoamniotic twins C) Dichorionic diamniotic twins D) All of the above

Dichorionic diamniotic

The US findings of twins reveals a triangular extension of the placenta at the base of the membrane. This finding is indicative of what?

Dichorionic diamniotic twinning

Typically the first US manifestation of twin to twin transfusion is what?

Discordant fetal growth

Asymmetry in fetal weight between twins is indicative of what?

Discordant growth

Twins that result from the fertilization of the separate ova are called what?

Dizygotic

Fraternal twins results from what?

Dizygotic twinning

What is a treatment that separates abnormal placental vascular connections between twins that are suffering from twin to twin transfusion syndrome? A) Cleavage-laser resection treatment B) Endoscopic-guided laser photocoagulation C) Endemic translocation of placental vessels D) Circumvallate resection of shared placental vasculature

Endoscopic-guided laser photocoagulation

Which of the following would not increase the likelihood of multiple gestations? A) Gestational diabetes B) Maternal age of >40 C) maternal history of twins D) ART

Gestational diabetes

Ovulation induction drugs not only increases the likelihood of multiple gestations but also increases the risk for what?

Heterotopic pregnancy

All of the following complications are associated with multiple gestations except: A) Preterm delivery B) High birth weight C) Maternal anemia D) Maternal preeclampsia

High birth weight

What from of monozygotic twinning is least common?

Monochorionic Monoamniotic

The most common form of monozygotic twin is what?

Monochorionic diamniotic

Twins that have one placenta and one amniotic sac is referred to as what?

Monochorionic monoamniotic

What kind of twins have a risk for being conjoined?

Monochoronic monoamniotic

Identical twins result from what?

Monozygotic twinning

Conjoined twins that are attached at that abdomen are referred to as what?

Omphalopagus

The abnormal twin in acardiac twinning is also called what?

Parasitic twin

Factors that increase the likelihood of having multiple gestations include all of the following except: A) AMA B) Ovulation induction drugs C) Poor nutritional state D) Maternal predisposition for twins

Poor nutritional state

What condition is pregnancy induced maternal high BP and protein in the urine after 20 weeks?

Preeclampsia

What is newborn born at 32 weeks as a multiple gestation at risk for?

Pulmonary hypoplasia

Conjoined twins attached at the sacral region is referred to as what?

Pyopagus

The twin that appears larger in TTTS is the what?

Recipient

What is it called when a twin fetus suffering from Twin to transfusion syndrome experiences severe oligohydramnios and becomes closely adhered to the uterine wall?

Stuck twin

Which is not a sonographic sign of a diamniotic dichorionic gestation? A) Twin peak sign B) Lamda sign C) Delta sign D) T sign

T sign

The shunting of blood from one twin to the other is what?

TTTS-Twin to Twin Transfusion Syndrome

Twins that have two placentas and one amniotic sac is referred to as what?

This does not occur

The demise of a twin can lead to the development of neurologic complications in the living twin as a result of what?

Twin embolization syndrome

The demise of a twin during the second or third trimester can lead to what?

Twin embolization syndrome

Monozygotic twins result from what?

A single zygote that splits