Chapter 33 History Test
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
A New Deal program designed to raise agricultural prices by paying farmers not to farm. It was based on the assumption that higher prices would increase farmers' purchasing power and thereby help alleviate the Great Depression.
Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO)
A New Deal-era labor organization that broke away from the American Federation of Labor (AFL) in order to organize unskilled industrial workers regardless of their particular economic sector or craft. The CIO gave a great boost to labor organizing in the midst of the Great Depression and ruing World War II. In 1955, the CIO merged with AFL.
Social Security Act (1935)
A flagship accomplishment of the New Deal, this law provided for unemployment and old-age insurance financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees. It has long remained a pillar of the "New Deal Order".
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
A government program created by Congress to hire young unemployed men to improve the rural, out-of-doors environment with such work as planting trees, fighting fires, draining swamps, and maintaining National Parks. The CCC proved to be an important foundation for the post-World War II environment.
Glass-Steagull Banking Reform Act
A law creating the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which insured individual bank deposits and ended a century-long tradition of unstable banking that had reached a crisis in the Great Depression.
According to the authors of the book and most historians, did the New Deal end the Great Depression?
According to authors of books and most historians the New Deal failed to end the Great Depression.
Wagner Act
Also known as the National Labor Relations Act, this law protected the right of labor to organize in unions and bargain collectively with employees, and established the National Labor Relations Board to monitor unfair labor practices on the part of employers. Its passage marked the culmination of decades of labor protest.
Father Charles Coughlin
An anti-New Deal, Catholic priest in Michigan who began broadcasting in 1930 and whose slogan was "Social Justice".
Francis E. Townshend
An anti-New Deal, retired California physician who promised everyone over sixty $200 a month.
Keynesianism
An economic theory based on the thoughts of British economist John Maynard Keynes, holding that central banks should adjust interest rates and governments should use deficit spending and tax policies to increase purchasing power and hence prosperity.
What did Hoover do as a lame-duck president?
As a lame duck president, Hoover tried to bind his successor to an anti-inflammatory policy that would have made impossible many of the later New Deal experiments.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Fifth cousin of Theodore Roosevelt and president of the U.S.A. who was born to a wealthy New York family, had graduated from Harvard, had been elected as a kid-gloved politician to the New York legislature, had served as governor of the Empire State, had been nominated for the vice presidency, and had served capably as assistant secretary of the navy.
How did FDR deal with the Dust Bowl? Where did most Dust Bowl migrants settle?
FDR dealt with the Dust Bowl by setting up the Resettlement Administration which was charged with the task of removing near-farmless farmers to better land. Most Dust Bowl migrants moved to the San Joaquin Valley.
Who was FDR's chief administrator?
FDR's chief administrator was Harry L. Hopkins.
What was FDR's court packing plan? Why did he come up with it? How was it received?
FDR's court packing plan was made to expand the Supreme Court. Roosevelt attempted to break down the delicate checks and balances among the three branches of government. It was received poorly and many accused him of grooming himself as a dictator by trying to browbeat the judiciary.
Court-Packing Plan
Franklin Roosevelt's politically motivated and ill-fated scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over seventy who would not retire. His objective was to overcome the Court's objections to New Deal reform.
Dust Bowl
Grim nickname for the Great Plains region devastated by the drought and dust storms during the 1930s. The disaster led to the migration int California of thousands of displaced "Okies" and "Arkies"
Harry L. Hopkins
Head of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration and a painfully thin, shabbily dressed, chain-smoking New York social worker who had earlier won Roosevelt's friendship and who became one of his most influential advisors.
Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)
Important New Deal labor legislation that regulated minimum wages and maximum hours for workers involved in interstate commerce. The law also outlawed labor by children under sixteen. The exclusion of agricultural, service, and domestic workers meant that many blacks, Mexican Americans, and women - who ere concentrated in these sectors - did not benefit from the act's protection.
National Recovery Administration (NRA)
Known by its critics as the "National Run Around", the NRA was an early New Deal program designed to assist industry, labor , and the unemployed through centralized planning mechanisms that monitored workers' earning and working hours to distribute work and established codes for "fair competition" to ensure that similar procedures were followed by all firms in any particular industrial sector.
Eleanor Roosevelt
One of FDR's personal and political assets who brought an unprecedented number of women activists with her to Washington and battled for the impoverished and the oppressed.
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
One of the most revolutionary of the New Deal public works projects, the TVA brought cheap electric power, full employment, low-cost housing, and environmental improvements to Americans in the Tennessee Valley.
What was one surprising shift in the 1932 presidential election?
One surprising shift in the 1932 election was that of blacks, traditionally grateful to the Republican party of Lincoln, over to the Roosevelt camp.
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Recovery
Federal Housing Administration
Recovery
National Recovery Act
Recovery
Tennessee Valley Authority
Recovery
Fair Labor Standards Act
Reform
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Reform
Securities and Exchange Act
Reform
Social Security Act
Reform
Soil Conservation Act
Reform
Civil Works Administration
Relief
Civilian Conservation Corps
Relief
Emergency Banking Act
Relief
National Youth Administration
Relief
Public Works Act
Relief
Brain Trust
Specialists in law, economics, and welfare, many of them young university professors, who advised President Franklin D. Roosevelt and helped develop the policies of the New Deal.
Robert F. Wagner
Sponsor of the Wagner Act and New York Senator.
What were the 20th and 21st Amendments, both ratified in the 1930s?
The 20th amendment swept away the post-election lame duck session of congress and shortened by six weeks the awkward period before inauguration. The 21st amendment repealed prohibition.
How did the AAA pay farmers not to grow crops?
The AAA payed farmers not to grow crops by establishing "parity prices" by raising prices to those during the period 1909 to 1914. The millions of dollars needed to make these payments were to be raised by taxing processors of farm products.
What were the criticisms of the New Deal by Father Coughlin? Huey Long? Francis Townshend?
The criticisms of the New Deal by Father Coughlin, Huey Long, and Francis Townshend was that it was against "social justice" and Long and Townshend made their own programs to "help" those struggling during the depression but instead capitalized on popular discontent.
What was the Indian New Deal?
The Indian New Deal or Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 encouraged tribes to establish local self-government and to preserve their native crafts and traditions.
How did the NRA begin to fail?
The NRA began to fall when the Supreme Court shot them down in the Schechter "sick chicken" decision as the justices declared that Congress could not "delegate legislative powers" to the executive.
Mary McLead Bethune
The director of the Office of Minority Affairs in the National Youth Administration, served as the highest-ranking African American in the Roosevelt administration.
Frances Perkins
The Secretary of Labor who was America's first woman cabinet member.
Huey P. ("Kingfish") Long
The Senator of Louisiana who was said to have more brass than a government mule and who used his abundant rabble-rousing talents to publicize his "Share Our Wealth" program, which promised to make "Every Man a King".
What did the Social Security Act provide?
The Social Security Act provided for federal-state unemployment insurance.
Why was the TVA criticized?
The TVA was criticized because utility corporation lashed lack at the entering wedge of government control, charging that the law cost of the TVA power was due to dishonest bookkeeping and the absences of taxes. Critics complained that the whole dream was "creeping socialism in concrete".
What was the WPA? PWA? SSA? TVA? NRA? AAA?
The WPA was the Works Progress Administration. The PWA was the Public Works Administration. The SSA was the Social Security Act. The TVA was the Tennessee Valley Authority Act. The NRA was the National Recovery Administration. The AAA was the Agricultural Adjustment Act.
What did the Wagner Act of 1935 legalize?
The Wagner Act of 1935 legalized a powerful new National Labor Relations Board for administration purposes and reasserted the right of labor to engage in self-organization and to bargain collectively through representatives of its own choice.
What caused the Dust Bowl? What was the impact of the Dust Bowl?
The cause of the Dust Bowl was overarming of the land and droughts. The Dust Bowl caused tens of thousands of refugees to flee form their ruined acres in the Great Plains.
New Deal
The economic and political policies of Franklin Roosevelt's administration in the 1930s, which aimed to solve the problems of the Great Depression by providing relief for the unemployed and launching efforts to stimulate economic recovery. The New Deal built on reforms of the progressive era to expand greatly on American-style welfare state.
Hundred Days
The first hundred days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, stretching from March 9 to June 16, 1933, when an unprecedented number of reform bills were passed by a Democratic Congress to launch the New Deal.
What were the goals of the CIO?
The goals of the CIO were to overcome the suspension of their creation and to move on a concerted scale into the huge automobile industry.
What does the phrase "100 days" refer to?
The phrase "100 days" refers to the first hundred days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, stretching from March 9 to June 16, 1933, when an unprecedented number of reform bills were passed by a Democratic Congress to launch the New Deal.
What was the platform of the Democratic Party in 1932?
The platform of the Democratic Party in 1932 promised a balanced budget and berated heavy Hooverian deficits.
What prominent economist influenced FDR as the Great Depression continued?
The prominent economist who influenced FDR as the Great Depression continued was John Maynard Keynes.
What was the status of Congress as FDR took office? Unemployment in America?
The status of congress as FDR took office was that they were green, panicky, and ready to rubber-stamp bills drafted by the White House. The status of unemployment in America was overwhelming and on of every four workers was jobless when FDR took his inaugural oath- the highest level of unemployment in the nations history.
Recovery
To help end the Depression.
Relief
To help people cope with the Depression immediately.
Reform
To prevent future economic problems.
