Chapter 35: Nutrition Prep-U

At what period of life do nutrient needs stabilize? Infancy Adolescence Pregnancy Adulthood

Adulthood Nutrient needs change across the life span in relation to growth, development, activity, and age. Periods of intense growth and development (such as during infancy, adolescence, pregnancy and lactation) increase nutrient needs. Nutrient needs stabilize during adulthood.

A nursing student has entered a patient's hospital room and noted that the patient has left his breakfast tray untouched. What is the nurse's priority action? Provide the patient with health education on the relationship between nutrition and healing. Document the patient's lack of food intake in the interdisciplinary progress notes. Make a referral to the hospital dietitian and follow-up accordingly. Ask the patient why he has not eaten any of his breakfast.

Ask the patient why he has not eaten any of his breakfast. All of the listed actions may be necessary. However, it would be premature to make referrals or provide education without first assessing why the patient was unwilling or unable to eat.

The nurse is caring for a client who refuses most foods on the dietary tray. Which nursing intervention is appropriate? Allow the client privacy during mealtime. Delegate feeding assistance to the unlicensed assistive personnel. Assess when client generally eats meals. Contact the healthcare provider to prescribe an appetite stimulant.

Assess when client generally eats meals. There are many reasons a client may refuse food that is served. The nurse should assess for food preferences, when the client generally eats, whether the client has digestive concerns, and cultural beliefs about foods. Leaving the client alone to eat, or simply delegating feeding, does not encourage intake. The client does not need an appetite stimulant until a full assessment has been conducted and other interventions have been implemented.

An athlete wants to increase her intake of complex carbohydrates and asks the nurse about potential sources. Which food is considered a complex carbohydrate? Molasses Syrup Brown sugar Bread

Bread Bread, cereal, potatoes, rice, pasta, crackers, flour products, and legumes contain complex carbohydrates.

A patient had a central venous catheter placed yesterday and began receiving enteral nutrition shortly thereafter. Which of the following assessments should the nurse prioritize when providing this patient's care? Capillary blood glucose levels Skin turgor Deep tendon reflexes Platelet levels

Capillary blood glucose levels Any patient who is receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition is prone to unstable blood glucose levels. Reflexes and platelet levels are more rarely affected. Hydration status is important to monitor, but skin turgor is not a reliable method of assessing hydration status in many patients.

The nurse is providing care for a client who is ordered nothing by mouth (n.p.o.). What is an important nursing intervention? Keep the water pitcher at the bedside. Provide frequent mouth care. Have the client fill out a menu in advance. Encourage the family to eat at the bedside.

Provide frequent mouth care. A client who is n.p.o. cannot have any food or fluids; good oral hygiene is important for comfort and to relieve a dry mouth. Keeping the water pitcher at the bedside, filling out a menu, and encouraging the family to eat at the bedside are all contraindicated for a client who is n.p.o.

The nurse is reviewing the health assessment of a client. The nurse is concerned that the client may have a deficiency of Vitamin D. Which condition most supports this suspicion? Night blindness Clotting disorder Rickets Dental decay

Rickets Signs of vitamin D deficiency are rickets in children, poor dental health, tetany, and osteomalacia.

The client reports to the nurse that she feels as if her eyes are persistently dry. This symptom is consistent with a deficiency in which dietary element? Protein Vitamin D Calcium Vitamin A

Vitamin A Dryness of the eyes (xerophthalmia) is associated with a deficiency of vitamin A.

Upon assessment, the nurse determines the client has a body mass index (BMI) of 45. This finding indicates the client is: extremely obese. underweight. normal weight. obese.

extremely obese. A person with a BMI below 18.5 is underweight, a BMI of 25 to 29.9 indicates an overweight individual, a BMI of 30 or greater indicates obesity, and a BMI of 40 or greater indicates extreme obesity.

A client with anemia has been prescribed injections of cyanocobalamin. Which foods high in this vitamin will the nurse also recommend that the client consume? (Select all that apply.) lean steak milk yogurt butter peas saltwater fish

lean steak milk yogurt saltwater fish Cyanocobalamin, otherwise known as vitamin B12, is found in lean meats, milk and dairy products, and saltwater fish and oysters. It is not found in high concentrations in foods like peas or butter.

Which food choice should the nurse include in the plan of care for client who wants to increase the dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids? salmon spinach low-fat milk granola

salmon Salmon can provide omega-3 fatty acids. Granola, milk, and spinach do not include omega-3 fatty acids.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a malabsorption disease. The nurse should understand that which structure in the gastrointestinal system absorbs the majority of digested food and minerals? Stomach Large intestine Small intestine Liver

Small intestine Most absorption of digested food and minerals occurs in the small intestines. The stomach is responsible for storing food, secreting digestive enzymes, and digestion. The large intestine forms feces and absorbs water to regulate the consistency of stool. The digestive function of the liver is the production of bile.

Which nursing action is performed according to guidelines for aspirating fluid from a small-bore feeding tube? Use a small syringe and insert 10 mL of air. If fluid is obtained when aspirating, measure its volume and pH and flush the tube with water. Continue to instill air until fluid is aspirated. Place the client in the Trendelenburg position to facilitate the fluid aspiration process.

If fluid is obtained when aspirating, measure its volume and pH and flush the tube with water. The nurse would measure the volume and pH of the aspirated fluid, then flush the tube with water. The nurse would not place the client in Trendelenburg position as this could lead to reflux of the feeding from the stomach and possibly cause aspiration of the solution into the lungs. The nurse would not use a small syringe or continue to instill air until fluid is aspirated.

The nurse is caring for a client with an enlarged thyroid. What nutritional deficiency is linked to an enlarged thyroid? Potassium Sodium Magnesium Iodine

Iodine A chronic deficiency of iodine can lead to endemic goiter. The major initial symptom is an enlarged thyroid gland.

You are the nurse caring for a client with an enlarged thyroid gland. You anticipate which nutritional deficiency is linked to the client's condition? Potassium Sodium Magnesium Iodine

Iodine A chronic deficiency of iodine can lead to goiter, which manifests as an enlargement of the thyroid gland.

A client with diabetes mellitus must monitor carbohydrate intake. Which client statement requires nursing intervention? "I like to eat eggs for breakfast." "I'll monitor my intake of fruit juice." "My favorite drink is coffee with sugar." "At every meal, I eat a small portion of lean meat."

"My favorite drink is coffee with sugar." Foods containing added sugar as a major ingredient tend to supply calories but few, if any, other nutrients. A client monitoring carbohydrate intake should be mindful of the intake of extra sugar. The other answer choices are appropriate for a client diagnosed with diabetes mellitus who is monitoring carbohydrate intake.

The nurse is caring for four clients. The nurse recognizes that which client's lifestyle choice contributes most highly to risk for development of cardiometabolic syndrome? 19-year old who runs a mile every other day 28-year old who eats fast food daily 33-year old who consumes a strict vegan diet 41-year old who has a family history of cancer

28-year old who eats fast food daily The client with the modifiable risk factor of consuming daily fast food is at highest risk for developing cardiometabolic syndrome. The other clients are not at as high of a risk.

A nurse is teaching a client about diabetes and glucose monitoring. What should the nurse include in the teaching? Blood from the fingertips shows changes in glucose more quickly than other testing sites. Use a forearm sample with signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Calibrate the glucose meter every six months. Glucose levels will decrease with illness and stress.

Blood from the fingertips shows changes in glucose more quickly than other testing sites. With glucose monitoring, blood from the fingertips shows changes in blood glucose more quickly than other testing sites. With signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia, a fingertip site should be used. Calibrate the glucose monitors at least every month. Glucose levels increase with illness and stress to the body.

A female client has developed an abscess following abdominal surgery, and her food intake has been decreasing over the past 2 weeks. Which laboratory finding may suggest the need for nutritional support? Low serum albumin levels Proteinuria Low random blood glucose levels Increased white blood cells

Low serum albumin levels Serum albumin levels are a good indicator of a client's nutritional status; decreased levels are suggestive of malnutrition. Protein in the client's urine, low blood sugars, and increased white blood cells are not necessarily indicative of malnutrition.

A patient tells the nurse, "I'm prone to getting constipated, so I know I should really be eating more fibre in my diet." What other health benefit of increased fibre intake should the nurse describe? Reduced risk of colorectal cancer Longer sense of satiety (feeling of fullness) after meals Delayed absorption of water and reduced feeling of bloating Reduction in lactose intolerance

Reduced risk of colorectal cancer Increased fibre intake results in a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Fibre does not necessarily prolong satiety, although this may sometimes occur. Fibre intake does not reduce the sensation of bloating or reduce the effects of lactose intolerance.

Which laboratory test is the best indicator of a client in need of TPN? Hemoglobin Hematocrit Serum albumin Creatinine

Serum albumin Assessment of serum albumin level is the best indicator of a client in need of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Clients whose levels are 2.5 g/dL (25 g/L) or less are at severe risk for malnutrition.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a nasointestinal tube inserted. The nurse is checking placement using gastric aspirate to check the pH level. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect if the tube is in the duodenum? The stomach pH is 4.5. The stomach pH is 5.5. The stomach pH is 6.5. The stomach pH is 7.5.

The stomach pH is 7.5. The pH of intestinal juices is greater than 7.0. Stomach pH is less than 5.5 and respiratory pH is 6.0 or greater.

A nurse in a rural health center meets a new client, age 4. The nurse notices as the client enters the clinic that his legs appear to be bowed. When he smiles, the nurse also notes that his dentition is quite malformed for a child his age. What vitamin deficiency would the nurse most suspect? Vitamin A Vitamin B Vitamin C Vitamin D

Vitamin D Severe vitamin D deficiency manifests as rickets, osteomalacia, poor dentition, and tetany.

The nurse is teaching an older adult client about different types of proteins that can be eaten. Which food will the nurse identify that contain dietary protein? (Select all that apply.)` beans nuts poultry butter fish

beans nuts poultry fish Dietary proteins are obtained from animal and plant food sources, which include milk, meat, fish, poultry, eggs, soy, legumes (peas, beans, and peanuts), nuts, and components of grains. Butter is a fat and not a source of protein.

The healthcare provider has asked the nurse to teach a client with anemia about increasing iron in the diet. Which foods will the nurse teach the client that are high in iron? (Select all that apply.) liver egg yolks tofu spinach processed meat bananas

liver egg yolks tofu spinach Liver, egg yolks, tofu, and spinach are high in iron. Processed meats contain excess sodium, and bananas contain high amounts of potassium.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which action should the nurse perform with TPN? Check vital signs every 8 hours. Discard unused TPN every 24 hours. Monitor blood glucose levels every 12 hours. Change transparent dressings every day.

Discard unused TPN every 24 hours. With TPN, any unused portion should be discarded every 24 hours. Vital signs with TPN should be checked every 4 hours. Blood glucose should be checked every 6 hours. If the client has a transparent dressing on the central venous access, it can be changed weekly.

A nurse is working with a 35-year-old woman who is interested in losing weight. Based on current recommendations from the USDA and what the nurse knows about a typical U.S. diet, which are appropriate recommendations for healthy weight loss? Select all that apply. Cut carbohydrates to 45% of intake. Increase the number of complex carbohydrates. Decrease the number of calories ingested. Increase physical activity.

Increase the number of complex carbohydrates. Decrease the number of calories ingested. Increase physical activity. Cutting carbohydrates is not necessary for long-term weight loss.

During a visit to the pediatrician's office, a mother inquires about adding solid foods to the diet of her infant age 6 months. What does the nurse inform the mother? New foods should be introduced one at a time for a period of five to seven days. It is too early to add solid foods to the infant's diet. A new solid food should be introduced daily to the infant's diet for a week. Adding solid foods is fine at this age, but avoid iron-fortified foods.

New foods should be introduced one at a time for a period of five to seven days. Solid foods are generally introduced between 4 and 6 months of age. New foods should be introduced one at a time for a period of five to seven days so that any allergic reaction can be identified. Iron-fortified foods are recommended.

The average dietary nutrient intake level that meets the nutritional requirement of almost all healthy people in a selected age and gender group is the: AI level UL level EAR level RDA level

RDA level The RDA level is the average dietary intake level that meets the nutritional requirement of almost all healthy people in a selected age and gender group.

A nurse is conducting client education with a woman who meets the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. The nurse is teaching the client about the MyPlate tool for promoting healthy food intake. According to MyPlate, the highest proportion of food in each meal should consist of what? Dairy Protein Unsaturated fats Vegetables

Vegetables MyPlate recommends the Americans make half of their plate fruits and vegetables. Dairy, proteins, and unsaturated fats are important components of a healthy diet but they should be consumed in smaller quantities than vegetables.

A client has developed dysphagia secondary to a cerebrovascular accident. The nurse is aware that the client is at risk for: gastritis. aspiration. incontinence. confusion.

aspiration. The definition of dysphagia is difficulty swallowing. This would place the client at risk for aspirating liquids. Gastritis, incontinence, and confusion can be issues but will not develop due to dysphagia.

The nurse is helping a client who eats a normal diet of 2000 calories daily to read a nutritional label on a box of cereal. Which nutrient does the nurse identify as appropriate for this client? total fat greater than 65 g cholesterol less than 300 mg sodium greater than 2400 mg saturated fat greater than 30 mg

cholesterol less than 300 mg Daily values are calculated in percentages based on standards set for total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, carbohydrate, and fiber in a 2000-cal diet. Total fat should be less than 65 g; saturated fat should be less than 20 g; cholesterol should be less than 300 mg; and sodium should be less than 2400 mg.

The community nurse is educating client groups about nutrition. Which group does the nurse identify that will benefit most from nutritional counseling and intervention? married, pregnant women over 30 years of age double income, married individuals older adults living on a fixed income people who live in farming communities

older adults living on a fixed income Older adults who are socially isolated or living on fixed incomes will benefit most from nutritional counseling and intervention. Other individuals are not at the same level of risk.

The nurse has observed that a client's food intake has diminished in recent days. What intervention should the nurse perform in order to stimulate the client's appetite? Try to ensure that the client's food is attractive and sufficiently warm. Reduce the frequency of meals in order to allow the client to develop an appetite. Offer nutritional supplements and explain the potential benefits of each. Offer larger meals and encourage the client to eat as much as is comfortable.

Try to ensure that the client's food is attractive and sufficiently warm. Food in the health care setting can often be unattractive and cool. Ensuring that it is appealing to the eyes and presented at the correct temperature can stimulate the client's appetite. Meals should be small and more frequent, not less frequent and larger. Supplements may be nutritionally necessary, but these do not act to increase the client's appetite.

A client is discussing vitamin and mineral intake with the nurse. Which client statement requires further nursing teaching? "My body does not make its own vitamins." "Cooking can change the vitamin contents in foods." "I drink orange juice fortified with added calcium." "My husband and I are ordering a product that has megadoses of vitamins."

"My husband and I are ordering a product that has megadoses of vitamins." Consuming megadoses (amounts exceeding those considered adequate for health) of vitamins and minerals can be dangerous. This statement requires further nursing teaching. The other statements do not require further teaching.

A client is discussing vitamin and mineral intake with the nurse. Which client statement requires further nursing teaching? "My body does not make its own vitamins." "Cooking can change the vitamin contents in foods." "I drink orange juice fortified with added calcium." "My husband and I are ordering a product that has megadoses of vitamins."

"My husband and I are ordering a product that has megadoses of vitamins." Consuming megadoses (amounts exceeding those considered adequate for health) of vitamins and minerals can be dangerous. This statement requires further nursing teaching. The other statements do not require further teaching.

A client is discussing vitamin and mineral intake with the nurse. Which client statement requires nursing intervention? "I understand that my body does not manufacture vitamins." "Eating raw vegetables is good, because cooking may alter the vitamin content in food." "The milk I drink has calcium added to it." "Taking megadoses of vitamins will help me increase muscle mass quickly."

"Taking megadoses of vitamins will help me increase muscle mass quickly." Consuming megadoses of vitamins and minerals can be dangerous, so this statement requires intervention. The nurse should find out the type and dose of vitamins that the client takes. The other statements do not require intervention.

The nurse is caring for four clients. The nurse recognizes that which client's lifestyle choice contributes most highly to risk for development of cardiometabolic syndrome? 19-year old who runs a mile every other day 28-year old who eats fast food fail 33-year old who consumes a strict vegan diet 41-year old who has a family history of cancer

28-year old who eats fast food daily The client with the modifiable risk factor of consuming daily fast food is at highest risk for developing cardiometabolic syndrome. The other clients are not at as high of a risk.

A patient has expressed a desire to lose weight to the student nurse and the student has responded by initiating a discussion of weight management strategies. Which of the following actions should the student promote? Calculating her current daily caloric intake and then reducing that by between 35% and 40% Aiming to reduce calorie intake by 500 kcal/day to lose 1 lb of fat weekly Increasing the relative proportion of organic foods in the patient's diet Temporarily eliminating fats from her diet in order to lose up to 2 lb of weight each week

Aiming to reduce calorie intake by 500 kcal/day to lose 1 lb of fat weekly People on weight-reducing diets know they must expend 3,500 cal to lose 1 lb of fat. Ideally, it is best to add or subtract 500 kcal/day to either gain or lose 1 lb of fat a week. It is not possible to define a percentage of calorie reduction without knowing the patient's current caloric intake. Organic foods will not necessarily result in weight loss, and fats should not be wholly eliminated from the diet, even temporarily.

An acutely ill patient has been receiving intermittent enteral nutrition through a nasogastric tube for the past several days. What action should the nurse prioritize before administering a scheduled feeding? Inject 15 ml of air to dislodge the tube from the stomach wall. Flush the tube with 40 to 60 ml of normal saline. Confirm the correct placement of the feeding tube. Educate the patient about the potential complications of tube feeding.

Confirm the correct placement of the feeding tube. It is imperative to confirm correct placement of a feeding tube before administering feeds. Failure to do so leads to significant complications such as aspiration. Air is not injected before feedings. Flushes may or may not be ordered and do not consist of normal saline. Education should be provided, but this is not necessary before each scheduled feed.

A client who is taking supplements complains of severe flushing and itching an hour after ingestion. The nurse is aware that the supplement is most likely? B complex Folate Niacin Riboflavin

Niacin One of the side effects of niacin ingestion can be flushing and itching. B complex, folate, and riboflavin have no known side effects.

A client who is taking supplements complains of severe flushing and itching an hour after ingestion. The nurse is aware that the supplement is most likely? B complex Folate Niacin Riboflavin

Niacin One of the side effects of niacin ingestion can be flushing and itching. B complex, folate, and riboflavin have no known side effects.

A 45-year-old female client on the inpatient unit has just resumed eating a normal diet. The nurse checks a blood sugar with her morning labs and the result is 5.5 mmol/L. How would the nurse interpret this blood glucose? Normal Mildly elevated Severely elevated Low

Normal Normal blood glucose is 80 to 110 mg/dL (4 to 7 mmol/L).

The nurse is performing a nutritional assessment of an obese client who visits a weight control clinic. What information should the nurse take into consideration when planning a weight reduction plan for this client? To lose 1 pound/week, the daily intake should be decreased by 200 calories. One pound of body fat equals approximately 5,000 calories. Psychological reasons for overeating should be explored, such as eating as a release for boredom. Obesity is very treatable, and 50% of obese people who lose weight maintain the weight loss for 7 years.

Psychological reasons for overeating should be explored, such as eating as a release for boredom. The nurse would need to take into consideration that psychological reasons for overeating should be explored. One pound of body fat is equal to approximately 3,500 calories. To lose 1 pound/week, the daily intake should be decreased by 500 calories per day. Obesity can be difficult to treat due to various factors.

Health assessment has revealed that a patient's diet is exceedingly low in iron. How can the nurse best gauge the extent of this dietary deficiency? Ask the patient to describe her functional status. Determine whether the patient is able to list high-iron foods. Review the results of the patient's complete blood count. Review the patient's most recent urinalysis.

Review the results of the patient's complete blood count. A complete blood count includes the patient's hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cell counts. Iron deficiency affects erythropoiesis, so the extent of iron deficiency can often be extrapolated from these indicators. Urinalysis does not yield this information. Functional status and knowledge of nutrition are relevant components of nutritional assessment, but neither identifies the extent of iron deficiency.

A 16-year-old adolescent informs her nurse that she became a vegetarian 1 year ago. Lately she is reporting fatigue and has trouble concentrating. A quick blood test ordered by her licensed provider informs the nurse that she has pernicious anemia. This is a deficiency of what vitamin? Vitamin C Vitamin B12 Folic acid Vitamin A

Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 deficiency is most commonly found in vegetarians, particularly in strict vegans. Individuals who have such rigid dietary restrictions must take care to supplement this vitamin.

Which clients would the nurse expect to have an increase in BMR? Select all that apply. a toddler who is having a growth spurt an older adult client who is in a long-term care facility a teenager who has been fasting to lose weight an adolescent who has a fever an adult who is going through an emotional time due to divorce an adult who has hypersomnia

a toddler who is having a growth spurt an adolescent who has a fever an adult who is going through an emotional time due to divorce Basal metabolism is the energy required to carry on the involuntary activities of the body at rest—the energy needed to sustain the metabolic activities of cells and tissues. The nurse would expect the toddler who is having a growth spurt to have an increase in BMR. The nurse would also expect an adolescent who has a fever and an adult who is going through an emotional time due to divorce to have an increase in BMR. The older adult has a lower BMR. A teenager who has been fasting to lose weight would have a lower BMR. An adult who has hypersomnia would have a lower BMR.

What best defines ideal body weight (IBW)? optimal weight for optimal health weighing 10 lb (4.5 kg) less than recommended a weight that is predetermined for all people the weight at which one feels most attractive

optimal weight for optimal health Ideal body weight (IBW), or healthy body weight, is an estimate of optimal weight for optimal health. A general guideline determines ideal weight based on height. However, this standard method does not account for people who are very short or very tall, and standard tables do not take minorities into account.

Which clients, at risk for poor nutritional intake, would benefit from nutritional counseling from the nurse? (Select all that apply.) pregnant teenagers children of middle-income parents people with substance abuse problems older adults living on fixed incomes individuals who prefer to purchase food from local farmers

pregnant teenagers people with substance abuse problems older adults living on fixed incomes Examples of those in the United States at risk for an inadequate nutritional intake include older adults who are socially isolated or living on fixed income, homeless people, children of economically deprived parents, pregnant teenagers, people with substance abuse problems, and clients with eating disorders. Children of middle-income parents and individuals who prefer to purchase food from local farmers are not necessarily at risk.

The nurse is helping a client who wishes to increase Omega-3 fatty acids order breakfast. Which food will the nurse recommend? egg whites wheat toast salmon coffee

salmon Omega-3 fatty acids are found in fish such as salmon, halibut, sardines, olive oil, flaxseed, walnuts, and certain types of legumes. The other food choices do not contain Omega-3 fatty acids.

The nurse is teaching four clients in a community health center. Which client does the nurse identify as needing more servings per day of milk? new mother who is bottle-feeding a baby older adult who lives with grown children teenager who is in the second trimester of pregnancy middle-age male who works night shift

teenager who is in the second trimester of pregnancy Children, adolescents, pregnant women, and breast-feeding mothers require more servings per day of certain food groups, particularly the milk group. Therefore, the teen (adolescent) who is pregnant will require more milk servings. The other clients do not require more servings of milk.

The nurse is caring for four clients. Which does the nurse identify as highest risk for development of cardiometabolic syndrome? 23-year old with ankle fracture and anxiety 36-year old with obesity who smokes 44-year old with hypertension and undernutrition 59-year old with lupus who exercises three times weekly

36-year old with obesity who smokes Cardiometabolic syndrome is a cluster of modifiable risk factors that can potentially lead to cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, if uncontrolled. The syndrome includes combinations of obesity (particularly abdominal fat), hypertension, elevated blood glucose (insulin resistance), abnormal blood fat levels, smoking, and inflammatory markers. The patient with two of these modifiable factors - insulin resistance, and who smokes - is at highest risk for developing cardiometabolic syndrome. The other clients are not at as high of a risk for cardiometabolic syndrome.

A nurse is working with a 45-year-old construction worker. The nurse obtains his height and weight and calculates that his BMI is 28. How would the nurse best classify James? Underweight Ideal body weight (IBW) Overweight Obese

Overweight A body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight.

A nurse is caring for a client who has a body mass index (BMI) of 26.5. Which category should the nurse understand this client would be placed in? Underweight Healthy weight Overweight Obese

Overweight A client with a BMI below 18.5 should be considered underweight. A client with a BMI of 18.5 to 24.9 is considered to be at a healthy weight. A client with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight; a client with a BMI of 30 or greater indicates obesity. A BMI greater than 40 is considered extreme obesity.

A physician orders nutritional therapy administered via a central vein for a patient who cannot take foods orally. What is the term for this type of nutrition? Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) Partial or peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube (PEG) Percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy tube (PEJ)

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) TPN is nutritional therapy that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract and is administered through a central vein. PPN is nutritional therapy used for patients who have an inadequate oral intake and require supplementation of nutrients through a peripheral vein. A PEG is a surgically placed gastrostomy tube and a PEJ is a surgically placed jejunostomy tube.

A client with influenza is prescribed a diet that is rich in fiber and carbohydrates. Which would the nurse incorporate into the education plan as a major reason for the high fiber diet? production of hemoglobin to carry oxygen to tissues regulation of osmotic pressure in the blood maintenance of normal bowel elimination promotion of energy storage in adipose tissue

maintenance of normal bowel elimination Dietary fiber is a minimal source of energy but plays an essential role in stimulating peristalsis and maintaining normal bowel elimination. Proteins have specific functions of producing hemoglobin for carrying oxygen to tissues, insulin for blood glucose regulations, and albumin for regulating osmotic pressure in the blood. Fats perform the important functions of energy storage of adipose tissue, vitamin absorption, and transport of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.

The nurse is teaching a class about caloric intake. The reason that men and women differ in the amount of calories they require on a daily basis is: men are more hungry at mealtime than women. women are more conscious of weight so they eat less. men have a larger muscle mass and so require more calories. they both require the same amount of calories.

men have a larger muscle mass and so require more calories. Because of increased size and muscle mass, men require more calories than women.

A postmenopausal client wishes to increase the amount of vitamin D that she consumes to help keep her bones strong. Which food will the nurse recommend? milk whole-grain cereal red meat green leafy vegetables

milk Milk contains vitamin D, which helps with the absorption of calcium and phosphorous. The other choices do not.

An older adult client has a decubitus ulcer with drainage, dysphagia, and immobility. She consumes less than 300 calories per day and has a large amount of interstitial fluid. The client is in a state of: positive nitrogen balance. anabolism. negative nitrogen balance. digestion.

negative nitrogen balance. A negative nitrogen balance exists when excretion of nitrogen exceeds the intake.

The nurse is providing teaching for a postoperative client complaining of nausea. Which food would be the most appropriate to recommend? scrambled eggs chicken noodle soup saltine crackers chocolate donut

saltine crackers The dry crackers are best to help control the nausea. The other foods are too heavy and may increase nausea.