Chapter 39

The approximate percentage of total body calcium present in the bones is

98%

Patient tells the nurse , "I was working out and lifting weights and now that I have stopped, I am flabby and my muscles have gone!" What is the best response ny the nurse?

"Your muscles were in a state of hypertrophy from the weight lifting. but will persist only if exercise is continued"

Approximately ______________ mg of calcium daily is essential to maintain adult bone mass

1000-2000

In the human body, there are _ bones

208

What is the role of the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen on bone remodeling?

Estrogen stimulates osteoblasts and inhibits osteoclasts; bone formation is enhanced and resorption is inhibited. Testosterone- skeletal groeth in adolescence

A patient has had a stroke and is unable to move the upper and lower extremities. During assessment the nurse picks up the arm and it is limp and without tone. How would the nurse document this finding?

Faccidity

The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult patient and observes that the patient has an increased forward curvature of the thoracic spine. What does the nurse understand this to be?

Kyphosis

How does vitamin D regulate the balance between bone formation and bone reabsorption?

increase calcium in the body by promoting calcium absorption from the GI tract and by accelerating the mobilization of calcium from bone

A patient is scheduled for a procedure that will allow the physician to visualize the knee joint in order to diagnose the patient's pain. What procedure will the nurse prepare the patient for?

Arthroscopy

____ describes the grating, crackling sound heard over irregular joint surfaces like a knee

Crepitus

A patient comes tot the clinic and informs the nurse of numbness, tingling and burning sensation in the arm from the elbow to the fingers. What would this be documented as?

Paresthesia

A patient has a fracture that is being treated with open rigid compression plate fixation devices. How will the progress of bone healing be monitored?

Perform serial x-rays

Prick the skin midway between the great and second toe

Peroneal

A patient is having repeated tears of the joint capsule in the shoulder, and the physician prescribes an arthrogram. What intervention should the nurse provide after the procedure is completed? (select all that apply)

Apply compression bandage to the area Administer mild analgesic Inform the patient that a clicking or cracking noise in the joint may persist for a couple of days

The leading cause of musculoskeletal related disability in the US

Arthritis

the nurse is caring for a pregnant patient with pregnancy induced hypertension. When assessing the reflexes in the ankle, the nurse observes rhythmic contractions of the muscle when dorsiflexing the foot. What would the nurse document this as?

Clonus

Prick the top or surface of the index finger

Median

What are the differences in function of osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts

Osteoblasts- bone formation. Bone matrix. Osteocytes- bone maintenace Osteoclasts- dissolving/reabsorbing bone

Prick the midway between the thumb and second finger

Radial

Prick the medial and lateral surface of the sole

Tibial

A patient tells the healthcare provider about shoulder pain that is present even without any strenuous movement. The healthcare provider identifies a sac filled with synovial fluid. What condition should the nurse educate the patient about?

chronic bursitis

What is the difference between kyphosis, lordosis, and scoliosis?

kyphosis- increase in convex curvature of thoracic. lordosis- increase in concave curvature of lumbar scoliosis- lateral curving of spine

The major hormonal regulators of calcium homeostasis are

parathyroid hormone and calcitonin

Red bone marrow is located in the shaft of four long and flat bones; the

sternum, ilium, vertebrae, and ribs

After a bone density test, an older adult female patient tells the nurse, " I don't understand why I have osteoporosis because I eat well and take my calcium" What is the best response by the nurse?

'The loss is from withdrawal of estrogen and a decrease in activity levels"

The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient who may have peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. What signs does the patient present with that indicate circulation is impaired? (select all that apply)

Pale, cyanotic, or mottled color. Cool temperature of extremity. More than 3 second capillary refill

What is the process of fracture healing including the 3 stages of progression?

Phase I, reactive phase, Phase II, reparative phase, phase III, remodeling phase

What are the general functions of the musculoskeletal system?

Protection for vital organs including the brain, heart, and lungs. Provides sturdy framework to support body structures. Makes mobility possible

A patient has a fracture of the right femur sustained in a motor vehicle crash. What process of fracture healing does the nurse understand will occur with the patient

Reactive phase, reparative phase, remodeling phase

The nurse assesses soft subcutaneous nodules along the line of the tendons in a patient's hand and wrist. What does this indicate to the nurse?

The patient has rheumatoid arthritis

Prick the distal fat pad of the small finger

Ulnar