Chapter 39, 54 - Nutrition

A nurse is caring for a client who is at high risk for aspiration. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? A. Give the client thin liquids B. Instruct the client to tuck her chin when swallowing C. Have the client use a straw D. Encourage the client to lie down and rest after meals.

B. Instruct the client to tuck her chin when swallowing

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings. Which of the following nursing interventions is the highest priority when the nurse suspects aspiration of the feeding? A. Auscultate breath sounds B. Stop the feeding C. Obtain a chest x-ray D. Initiate oxygen therapy

B. Stop the feeding

A nurse is preparing presentation about basic nutrients for a group of high school athletes. She should explain that which of the following nutrients provides the body with the most energy? A. Fats B. Protein C. Glycogen D. Carbohydrates

D. Carbohydrates

Minerals

Essential biochemical reactions in the body (calcium, potassium, sodium, and iron)

A nurse is caring for a client who weighs 80kg (176lb) and 1.6m (5ft 3in) tall. Calculate the BMI and determine whether this client's BMI indicates that she is of a healthy weight, overweight, or obese.

31.25, obese because it is over 30

A nurse is delivering an enteral feeding to a client who has an NG tube in place for intermittent feedings. when the nurse pours water into the syringe after the formula drains from the syringe, the client asks the nurse why the water is necessary. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? A. "Water helps clear the tube so it doesn't clog." B. "Flushing helps make sure the tube stays in place." C. "This will help you get enough fluids." D. "Adding water makes the formula less concentrated."

A. "Water helps clear the tube so it doesn't clog."

A nurse is caring for a client in a long-term care facility who is receiving enteral feedings via an NG tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse complete prior to administering the tube feeding? (select all that apply) A. Auscultate for bowel sounds B. Assist the client to an upright position C. Test the pH of gastric aspirate. D. Warm the formula to body temperature E. Discard any residual gastric contents

A. Auscultate for bowel sounds B. Assist the client to an upright position C. Test the pH of gastric aspirate.

A nurse in a senior center is counseling a group of older adults about their nutritional needs and considerations. Which of the following information should the nurse include? (select all that apply) A. Older adults are more prone to dehydration than younger adults are. B. Older adults need the same amount of vitamins and minerals as young adults do. C. Many older men and women need calcium supplementation. D. Older adults need more calories than they did when they were younger. E. Older adults should consume a diet in low carbohydrates.

A. Older adults are more prone to dehydration than younger adults are. B. Older adults need the same amount of vitamins and minerals as young adults do. C. Many older men and women need calcium supplementation.

A nurse is preparing to insert an NG tube for a client who requires gastric decompression. Which of the following actions should the nurse perform before beginning the procedure? (Select all that apply) A. Review a signal the client can use if feeling any distress. B. Lay a towel across the client's chest C. Administer oral pain medication D. Obtain a Dobhoff tube for insertion E. Have a petroleum-base lubricant available.

A. Review a signal the client can use if feeling any distress. B. Lay a towel across the client's chest

A nurse is preparing to instill an enteral feeding for a client who has an NG tube in place. Which of the following actions is the nurse's highest assessment priority before performing this procedure? A. check how long the feeding tube container has been open. B. Verify the placement of the NG tube C. Confirm the client does not have diarrhea D. Make sure the client is alert and oriented.

B. Verify the placement of the NG tube

A nurse is caring for a client who requires a low-residue diet. The nurse should expect to see which of the following foods on the client's meal tray? A. Cooked barely B. Pureed broccoli C. Vanilla custard D. Lentil soup

C. Vanilla custard

Water

Critical for cell function and replaces fluids the body loses through perspiration, elimination, and respiration.

Fats

Provide energy and vitamins. No more than 35% of caloric intake should be from fat. Each gram produces 9kcal.

Carbohydrates

Provide most of the body's energy and fiber. Each gram produces 4kcal.

Proteins

contribute to growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues. Each gram produces 4kcal.

Vitamins

necessary for metabolism. Fat soluble vitamins are A, D, and E. Water-soluble vitamins include C and B complex (eight vitamins).

BMI

weight (kg)/height (m2)