Chapter 39

Sitagliptin (Januvia) is prescribed for a patient who has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. What is the action of sitagliptin (Januvia)? A) It blocks the S phase of the cell cycle. B) It slows the rate of inactivation of the incretin hormones. C) It is a synthetically prepared monosodium salt. D) It inhibits hydrogen, potassium, and ATPase.

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A patient who regularly takes metformin has developed a severe infection. How will the infection change his diabetic regimen? A) Metformin is contraindicated in the presence of an infection. B) Metformin will be given more frequently to decrease blood sugar. C) Metformin will result in better regulation of blood sugar. D) Metformin will allow the patient to decrease the absorption of glucose.

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A patient asks the nurse why a quick-acting sugar given by mouth is better in the regulation of insulin than the use of intravenous glucose for a low blood sugar. Which of the following statements by the nurse represents the most appropriate response to this question? A) "The ingestion of food allows the digestive tract to stimulate vagal activity and the release of incretins." B) "The combination of insulin and food will yield a higher blood sugar than intravenous glucose." C) "Both food and intravenous glucose will produce changes similarly in the gastrointestinal tract to increase blood sugar." D) "You are mistaken. The intravenous glucose yields a higher blood glucose through the release of incretins."

A

A patient with a diagnosis of diabetes is prescribed pramlintide (Symlin). How will this drug assist in controlling the patient's blood sugar? A) It slows gastric emptying. B) It blocks the absorption of food. C) It is absorbed by insulin. D) It increases the release of insulin.

A

answer key

A B D C A B C C A B A D B B C D A D D B C

A 58-year-old patient who has been living with diabetes since age 14 states he has pain in his feet and hands. What is this pain most likely a result of? A) A diabetes-related infectious process B) Peripheral neuropathy C) An autoimmune disorder D) Hypertension resulting from diabetes

B

A patient is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. What distinguishing characteristic is associated with type 1 diabetes? A) Blood glucose levels can be controlled by diet. B) Exogenous insulin is required for life. C) Oral agents can control blood sugar. D) The disease always starts in childhood.

B

A patient is to be administered glipizide (Glucotrol). Which of the following factors would contraindicate the administration of glipizide (Glucotrol) to this patient? A) A diagnosis of hypertension B) The ingestion of carbohydrates C) Allergy to sulfonamides D) Increase in alkaline phosphatase

C

During a teaching session on the care of the diabetic patient, a family member asks why her daughter has a different insulin than her best friend. The nurse should make which of the following statements to explain the differences in insulin? A)Insulin is prescribed based on the insurer's criteria for reimbursement." B)Insulin is prescribed based on the patient's age." C)"Insulins have different onsets and durations of action." D)Insulin type is matched with the appropriate oral hypoglycemic agent."

C

A patient is in diabetic ketoacidosis. The patient blood glucose level is over 600 mg/dL. The physician has ordered the patient to receive an initial dose of 25 units of insulin intravenously. What type of insulin will most likely be administered? A) NPH insulin B) Lente insulin C) Ultralente insulin D) Regular insulin

D