Chapter 4

Social institutions are large systems of behavior that each have a specific purpose in society. Which of the following is considered an institution? Check all that apply.

- economy -family Each of the choices represents an institution except for the hospital, which is an organization that fits within the health care institution. Each institution provides a recognized purpose for society. For instance, the family provides care and socialization for children, while education teaches and socializes people with skills necessary for the economic institution.

What does the study in this video tell you about nature and nurture?

Both nature and nurture affect who we become. explanation: The study points to the nature-nurture controversy by reminding us that both biological traits and our social environments influence who we become as human beings. Both our genetic predispositions and our social experiences that shape us throughout our lives are important to understand.

socialization

Process through which people learn the way of life in their society

Which of the following is true of the socialization process?

Socialization allows for most people to behave in socially acceptable ways.

According to the video, which of the following statements is true?

The environment accounts for approximately two-thirds of most children's language skills

According to the video, which of the following statements is true?

The environment accounts for approximately two-thirds of most children's language skills. -This study found that for most children, their environment accounted for 69% of their language skills and their genes accounted for 31%.

personality

The fairly steady pattern of the way a person behaves, feels, and thinks

internalization

When behaviors and assumptions are learned so much that they are no longer questioned and just accepted as correct

In the video, Nicole Knox was a mother and a lawyer. These represented her _____.

achieved statuses

"Nurture" or environment, refers to one's social experiences. Parents, teachers, peers, and the media all are part of our environment. These influencers are referred to as _____.

agents of socialization

"Nurture" or environment, refers to one's social experiences. Parents, teachers, peers, and the media all are part of our environment. These influencers are referred to as _____.

agents of socialization -Agents of socialization are people, or sources, or structures who pass on social expectations.

subtle, covert, and not obvious

aversive racism Aversive racism is covert and subtle. It is quite common and occurs when a person avoids interaction with someone because of his or her race or ethnicity.

Which of the following is not recommended for parents regarding chores?

consider your child's talents.

According to the video, minorities receive lower quality health care than whites. This is an example of _____.

discrimination

If one doctor denies care to a black patient, it is referred to as individual discrimination. If numerous clinics deny care to black patients, it is referred to as _____ discrimination.

institutional

presumed inferiority of a social group by the social structure

institutional racism Institutional racism occurs at the level of the social structure. It is ingrained in the patterns of society such that dominant groups hold power because of their social position.

The video's conclusion, nurture over nature, supports the idea that _____.

our lives are socially constructed

_____ are the most important source of gender socialization.

parents Parents are the first and most important source of gender socialization.

In the video, Nicole Knox was both a mother and a lawyer. Knox struggled with _____ in these two positions.

role conflict

True or False: Most sociologists believe there is an interaction of natural and social influences on who we become.

true: The nature-nurture controversy is the debate between whether nature (natural, innate factors) or nurture (social environment) is responsible for who we become as people. Most social scientists, including sociologists, recognize that both innate traits and social experiences affect who we become. However, there is still a debate about whether nature or nurture is more influential on our development. Sociologists emphasize the social aspects that influence human experiences.

What does the video say about language acquisition for the minority of children who have language problems? Genes matter most for determining their development. Social environment matters most for determining their development.

Genes matter most for determining their development. -The video reports that for most children, the environment is most important for language development. Language skills for children with no language acquisition problems are largely due to social environment, including the attention children receive from their home environment and upbringing. However, in the minority of children who suffer from language acquisition problems, genetics play a much more important role in these developmental problems than social environment.

What does the video say about language acquisition for the majority of children who have no language problems?

Genes play a less important role than environment. explanation:The video reports that for most children, the environment is most important for language development. Language skills for children with no language acquisition problems are largely due to social environment, including the attention children receive from their home environment and upbringing. However, in the minority of children who suffer from language acquisition problems, genetics play a much more important role in these developmental problems than social environment.

Which of the following is a functionalist theorist's view of major social institutions?

Institutions function by socializing new members of society. -Functionalists view institutions based on how society benefits from their patterns of behavior. Institutions function by socializing new members of society. This is one function of social institutions for society.

internalization

Internalization of culturally accepted behaviors and expectations occurs when you practice those behaviors and expectations without explicitly thinking about them. You become so accustomed to expectations that you don't realize you follow them.

personality

Personality is a person's relatively stable pattern of behavior, feelings, and beliefs. Personality is developed through the socialization process.

What does the study in this video tell you about nature and nurture? -Children's upbringing doesn't matter much in determining who they become. -Social environment and biology influence who we become as human beings. -Human beings are mainly shaped by their genetic predispositions. -Biological traits are always most important in determining who we become.

Social environment and biology influence who we become as human beings. -The study points to the nature-nurture controversy by reminding us that both biological traits and our social environments influence who we become as human beings. Both our genetic predispositions and our social experiences that shape us throughout our lives are important to understand.

Socialization

Socialization is a lifelong process of learning your culture's way of life and developing who you are. You learn values, norms, and shared meanings of your culture.

Which of the following is true of the socialization process?

Socialization provides the ability to see yourself through another perspective. explanation: Socialization provides the opportunity to learn from other people who may have different cultural expectations than you. When you encounter a situation that you've never been through before, you must react to the new situation and its expectations to properly adapt.

obvious, overt and traditional

jim crow racism Jim Crow racism, also known as traditional or old-fashioned racism, is obvious and overt, such as beating people up because of their racial or ethnic background.

To study the recent overall social trend of women opting out of the full-time workforce, one would likely use _____.

macroanalysis

Social structures are___________patterns of social relationships and social institutions in society.

organized -Social structures refer to the organized patterns of social relationships and social institutions in society. A society is made up of individuals who follow unstated rules and norms, which act as invisible walls for their experiences.

The video's conclusion, nurture over nature, supports the idea that _____.

our lives are socially constructed -Sociologists argue that our lives are socially constructed and that our social environment shapes our experiences.-

Research suggests that girls complete more _____ chores and boys complete more _____ chores.

routine; maintenance

In the video, a patient criticized that her doctor asked her about her drinking habits when she complained about stomach pains. Her doctor may have oversimplified his set of beliefs about Latino/as. This is an example of _____.

stereotyping

Socialization agent is the term given to a person or institution that______Correct social expectations.

transmits Socialization agents are the people or institutions that transmit social expectations to others. Because we are all social beings, we are all responsible for passing on cultural expectations to others around us. You may not realize that how you behave influences others. If you have a little brother or sister who looks up to you, you may be able to see this more clearly. Did he or she ever try to do everything you did? If so, you were acting as an agent of socialization. You may have been in a reverse situation where you were the young sibling/cousin/friend and were being influenced by an older child who was acting as the agent of socialization.

Sociology emphasizes that social influences are more important than natural factors in shaping who we are.

true explanation: The nature-nurture controversy is the debate between whether nature (natural, innate factors) or nurture (social environment) is responsible for who we become as people. Most social scientists, including sociologists, recognize that both innate traits and social experiences affect who we become. However, there is still a debate about whether nature or nurture is more influential on our development. Sociologists emphasize the social aspects that influence human experiences.