Chapter 4-6 Drug and Narcotics

How long does the post-marketing testing of a new drug take?

1 to 2 years.

How many poppy seed bagels would need to be consumed in order to obtain a positive screen for opiates?

100

In the development of new drugs, how many species must be tested in animal testing

2

Enzymes in the________ are important in the metabolization of drugs.

All of these. ( Kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, liver)

which of the following are side effects of methamphetamine abuse:

All of these. ( deterioration of the teeth, depression, and damage to dopamine pathways in the brain.)

Which of the following are effects of sympathomimetic drugs?

All of these. ( increased heart, increased blood pressure, and weight loss)

Which of the following is not a way in which drugs are excreted from the body?

All of these.( directly in the feces, liver bile, through lungs, mothers milk)

Which of the following affects drug distribution?

All.( blood flow, diffusibility of membranes, fat solubility of the drug.)

A person who is highly tolerant to __________ creates problems for anesthesiologists in surgery.

Barbiturates

What is the first stage in the FDA's guidelines for the testing and marketing of a drug?

Belief that a particular compound has clinical values.

______________ is the portion of the original drug dose that reaches its site of action or that reaches a fluid in the body that gives the drug access to its site of action

Bioavailability

The active ingredient in Khat is:

Cathinone.

A drug's __________ name indicates the drug's structural formula.

Chemical

Which of the following accurately describes the influence that age has on drug effects?

Children and the elderly are more susceptible to a drugs effects.

Freebase refers to a form of ______________ that is inhaled>

Cocaine

A drug is ________ when it changes from solid to liquid after being mixed with a liquid.

Dissolved

__________ refers to the experimental method in which neither the experimenter nor the subject knows which experimental condition the subject is in.

Double blind

Because a heavier person has more blood and other body fluids than a lighter person, the same drug dose has more of an effect on the heavier person.

False.

__________ means a state of equilibrium or balance.

Homeostasis

Which of the following is a slang name for methamphetamines?

Ice

Which of the following is not an advantage of the oral route of administration?

It has the quickest rate of absorption.

The stimulants known as "bath salts" are synthetic analogues of a compound found in the _____ plant.

Khat

One way that ____________ is administered involves sprinkling it on marijuana, parsley, tobacco, or other substances that can be smoked.

PCP

___________ is the study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their mechanisms of actions.

Pharmacodynamics

If an individual needs to drink 6 beers in order to achieve the same effect that she used to experience with 3 beer, this is an example of

Protracted tolerance.

The elimination of a drug from the body often is associated with changes that are opposite to those that were caused by the drug. These are sometimes called..

Rebound Effects

The phenomenon of ____________ occurs when repeated administration of a drug results in reduced response to that drug.

Tolerance.

Tachyphylaxis is another name for ___________.

acute tolerance

Which of the following drugs is commonly sniffed?

all of these ( cocaine, heroin, tobacco)

Smoking crack produces __________.

an intensely pleasurable experience: "the rush"

drug self-administration studies indicate that

animals may actually "prefer" the drug experience

A specified dose of a drug administered to a man and a woman on average will have greater effects on the woman. This is because of differences in __________.

body fat

A drug dose is computed according to a persons

body weight

Which of the following is a sympathomietic drug?

both cocaine and amphetamine.

Which of the following is a mechanism by which cocaine can cause death?

both convulsions and heart failure

The effects of Khat are most like which other drug?

cocaine

What drug is contained in crack?

cocaine

The major difference between cocaine and amphetamine is

cocaine is more rapidly metabolized

In __________ tolerance, tolerance to one drug may extend to other closely related drugs.

cross

Drinking large quantities of water would be an example of an attempt to alter the results of a drug test by _________.

dilution

Freebase cocaine is made by mixing street cocaine with _____.

ether

Individual differences in initial sensitivity to a drugs effects are thought to be determined by

genetics

What is a physiological effect of cocaine?

increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, and pupil dilation All of these

Freebase is most often

inhaled

which of the following drugs can be detected in the system for up to one month following chronic use?

marijuana

Children with ADHD are often treated with what drug?

methylphenidate(Ritalin)

Stimulant drugs are prescribed to ______________ of children in the US every year.

millions.

How was penicillin discovered?

mold

Which of the following is a method used to administer barbiturates?

oral, rectal, subcutaneous, intramuscular. All of these

A drug that is administered transdermally _______________.

passes through the skin

Many states now control cold medicine that contains pseudoephedrine. What is the reason for this?

pseudoephedrine is an ingredient used to make meth.

Learning not to touch a hot stove after having been burned by it is an example of learning through __________.

punishment

in what ways does smoking cocaine differ from taking it orally or intra-nasally?

smoking produces more rapid and more intense effects.

The__________ route is the easiest of the drug injection routes to use.

subcutaneous

The__________ route of administration is preferable to oral administration for drugs that irritate the stomach and cause vomiting.

sublingual

________________ is an example of a drug that was approved too early, before potential side effects could adequately be explored.

thalidomide.

Which of the following is true of generic drugs?

they can be sold after a brand name drug has been on the market for 20 years

Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between stimulant drugs and performance?

they increase resistance to fatigue and boredom.

Amphetamines have been put to many medical uses. Which of the following is not one of them?

treatment of anxiety.

Cocaine is detectible in urine for about ______________ after administration.

two-three days