Chapter 4

Entropy is the measure of a system's:

Disorder

What do all thermometers have in common?

Materials inside that change when heated

Which of the following is most like an ordered system?

The spacing of eggs in a full carton

According to science it is impossible for anything in the universe to be at a temperature of:

-274 C

Which of these represents the coldest temperature?

0 Kelvin

Which of the following is the best for serving ice cream?

10 F

Which would be the least effective insulation for your house?

A thin sheet of metal

Absolute zero is defined as the temperature at which:

All heat has been extracted from a substance

If one were to introduce a fast moving molecule into a container of slower moving molecules the outcome will be:

All molecules will end up traveling the same speed

To what are combustion products in a car engine released?

Atmosphere

The heat island effect in cities creates convection cells:

By drawing in cool moist air from the suburbs

What is the only way heat can be transferred within a solid peace of metal?

Conduction

Energy can be transferred through a solid by:

Conduction only

What is the primary method of heat transfer in a fluid?

Convection

What is the primary way heat is transferred in a liquid?

Convection

What substance has the lowest specific heat capacity?

Copper

Which of these best defines maximum theoretical efficiency?

Efficiency (%) = [(Thot - Tcold)/Thot] x 100

Radiation is heat transfer by:

Electromagnetic waves of radiation

Which statement best represents the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

Every isolated system becomes more disordered with time

The phrase "heat death of the universe" refers to:

Everything in the universe eventually becoming the same temperature

When it comes to arctic animals, a good insulator of heat loss is:

Fat

Which statement is true about both heat and temperature?

Heat and temperature are not synonymous to scientist

Heat will only flow spontaneously from:

Hot to cold

The reason why organic evolution does not violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics is that the earth is:

Not an isolated system

The standard used to calibrate thermometers is:

Pure water

Energy can be transferred through a vacuum by:

Radiation only

Most biologist think that feathers were evolved to help birds:

Retain heat

Through which material will heat be conducted the best?

Steel

A term that compares how vigorous atoms are moving in a substance is:

Temperature

Temperature is the measure of:

The average kinetic energy of the atoms within a substance

Daniel Fahrenheit invented a thermometer on which 0 represented:

The coldest temperature he could contain in his library

Heat engine efficiency is:

The ratio of energy output to energy input

What device directly measures how much heat a material contain?

Thermometer

A system that moves toward a higher state of order also moves to a lower state of:

entropy