Chapter 4
Entropy is the measure of a system's:
Disorder
What do all thermometers have in common?
Materials inside that change when heated
Which of the following is most like an ordered system?
The spacing of eggs in a full carton
According to science it is impossible for anything in the universe to be at a temperature of:
-274 C
Which of these represents the coldest temperature?
0 Kelvin
Which of the following is the best for serving ice cream?
10 F
Which would be the least effective insulation for your house?
A thin sheet of metal
Absolute zero is defined as the temperature at which:
All heat has been extracted from a substance
If one were to introduce a fast moving molecule into a container of slower moving molecules the outcome will be:
All molecules will end up traveling the same speed
To what are combustion products in a car engine released?
Atmosphere
The heat island effect in cities creates convection cells:
By drawing in cool moist air from the suburbs
What is the only way heat can be transferred within a solid peace of metal?
Conduction
Energy can be transferred through a solid by:
Conduction only
What is the primary method of heat transfer in a fluid?
Convection
What is the primary way heat is transferred in a liquid?
Convection
What substance has the lowest specific heat capacity?
Copper
Which of these best defines maximum theoretical efficiency?
Efficiency (%) = [(Thot - Tcold)/Thot] x 100
Radiation is heat transfer by:
Electromagnetic waves of radiation
Which statement best represents the 2nd law of thermodynamics?
Every isolated system becomes more disordered with time
The phrase "heat death of the universe" refers to:
Everything in the universe eventually becoming the same temperature
When it comes to arctic animals, a good insulator of heat loss is:
Fat
Which statement is true about both heat and temperature?
Heat and temperature are not synonymous to scientist
Heat will only flow spontaneously from:
Hot to cold
The reason why organic evolution does not violate the 2nd law of thermodynamics is that the earth is:
Not an isolated system
The standard used to calibrate thermometers is:
Pure water
Energy can be transferred through a vacuum by:
Radiation only
Most biologist think that feathers were evolved to help birds:
Retain heat
Through which material will heat be conducted the best?
Steel
A term that compares how vigorous atoms are moving in a substance is:
Temperature
Temperature is the measure of:
The average kinetic energy of the atoms within a substance
Daniel Fahrenheit invented a thermometer on which 0 represented:
The coldest temperature he could contain in his library
Heat engine efficiency is:
The ratio of energy output to energy input
What device directly measures how much heat a material contain?
Thermometer
A system that moves toward a higher state of order also moves to a lower state of:
entropy
