Chapter 4

In 2020, __________ adults in the United States had Alzheimer disease, and it is projected that __________ baby boomers will develop Alzheimer disease in their lifetime. A. 5.8 million; 10 million B. 5.4 million; 7 million C. 10 million; 5.7 million D. 7 million; 12 million

A. 5.8 million; 10 million

Rachel is a college student who lives at a sorority house. As a binge drinker, she is at risk of which of the following? A. All answer choices are correct B. Having unprotected sex C. Physical injuries D. Driving while intoxicated

A. All answer choices are correct

To prevent osteoporosis, women should A. All answer choices are correct B. Avoid smoking C. Eat foods rich in calcium D. Exercise more

A. All answer choices are correct

Pauline is middle-aged. Her greatest health concern is most likely to be A. Arthritis B. Hypertension C. Sinus problem D. Heart disease

A. Arthritis

Ten-year-old Joel's BMI is in the 86th percentile. Joel is A. At risk for being overweight B. Overweight C. In the normal weight range D. Obese

A. At risk for being overweight

The eating disorder in which the individual follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern is called A. Bulimia nervosa B. Binge eating disorder C. Overeating disorder D. Anorexia nervosa

A. Bulimia nervosa

People suffering from anorexia use food and their weight as a means of A. Control B. Reward C. Gaining popularity D. Punishment

A. Control

Which age group is most likely to be binge drinkers? A. Emerging adults B. Older adolescents C. Middle-aged adults D. Young adolescent

A. Emerging adults

Adolescents who eat dinner with their parents__________ or more days a week have lower rates of smoking, getting into fights, and initiating sexual activity. A. Five B. Three C. Two D. Four

A. Five

Anorexia nervosa is most common in adolescents from A. Middle- and upper- income families B. Poor and working-class families C. Families with low achievement standards D. Asian American and African American families

A. Middle- and upper- income families

According to a 2017-2018 study, what percentage of U.S. adults aged 20 and older were obese? A. More than 60 percent B. 42.4 percent C. 8.5 percent D. 52.1 percent

B. 42.4 percent

The American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding strongly recommends exclusive breastfeeding until the infant is A. 2 months old B. 6 months old C. 6 weeks old D. 3 months old

B. 6 months old

__________ is a sustained activity that stimulates heart and lung functioning. A. Muscle toning exercise B. Aerobic exercise C. Flexibility exercise D. Weight training

B. Aerobic exercise

__________ is a sustained activity that stimulates heart and lung functioning. A. Weight training B. Aerobic exercise C. Muscle toning exercise D. Flexibility exercise

B. Aerobic exercise

Which of the following vitamins is an antioxidant? A. K B. C C. B D. D

B. C

A comparison of adolescents in 28 countries by the World Health Organization found that compared to teenagers in most other countries, U.S. adolescents A. Eat more fruit B. Eat more junk food C. Exercise more D. Eat more vegetables

B. Eat more junk food

Marc's exercise program helps him burn over 2,000 calories each week. By doing this, he likely A. Increases his risk of asthma due to too much aerobic exercise B. Increases his life expectancy by about 50 percent C. Increases his risk of arthritis due to joint strain D. Cuts his risk of adult-onset diabetes by as much as 30 percent

B. Increases his life expectancy by about 50 percent

Regarding mortality rates for adolescents and emerging adults, who among the following individuals is at the highest risk for a fatality? A. Mark, a male 15-year old high school student B. John, a male emerging adult C. Sarah, a female emerging adult D. Jade, a female 15-year-old high school a student

B. John, a male emerging adult

Addison was a breastfed infant. Which of the following is NOT likely a benefit she will enjoy as a result? A. Lower risk of SIDS B. Lower risk of allergies C. Lower risk of childhood and adulthood obesity D. Fewer gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections

B. Lower risk of allergies

Which of the following represents a transitional state between the cognitive changes of normal aging and very early Alzheimer disease and other dementias? A. Severe memory loss B. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) C. Cardiovascular disease D. Late-onset Alzheimer's disease

B. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI0

Pulmonary problems, hypertension, and Type 2 diabetes are common consequences of childhood A. Malnutrition B. Obesity C. Anorexia D. Undernutrition

B. Obesity

Which of the following diseases is characterized by muscle tremors, slowing of movement, and partial facial paralysis? A. Dementia B. Parkinson's disease C. Alzheimer's disease D. Arthritis

B. Parkinson disease

Peer pressure can increase the incidence of all the following health-compromising factors EXCEPT A. Smoking B. Poor parental guidance C. Violence D. Early sexual activity

B. Poor parental guidance

In addition to aerobic activity and stretching, gerontologists recommend__________ for older adults A. Calcium supplements B. Strength training C. Jogging D. Physical therapy

B. Strength training

The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration has identified __________ as an "invisible epidemic." A. substance abuse among children under 12 B. Substance abuse among older adults C. Binge drinking among college students D. Marijuana use among adolescents

B. Substance abuse among older adults

Anorexia occurs__________ times more in females than in males. A. 15 B. 5 C. 10 D. 20

C. 10

The current recommended level of aerobic exercise for adults 60+ years of age is_____ minutes of moderate activity (5x per week) plus strength training_____ day(s) of the same week. A. 15:4 B. 30:2 C. 15:1 D. 60:1

C. 15:1

Santiago runs 25 miles a week. What type of exercise is this? A. Muscle training B. Weight training C. Aerobic D. Flexibility

C. Aerobic

George's blood test reveals very low levels of acetylcholine. An MRI shows an abnormal amount of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in his brain. These results indicate that George may have A. Hypertension B. Arthritis C. Alzheimer's disease D. Depression

C. Alzheimer's disease

Jessica is extremely thin but complains she is fat, so she exercises obsessively to avoid weight gain. Jessica may be suffering from A. Bulimia B. Amenorrhea C. Anorexia nervosa D. Osteoporosis

C. Anorexia nervosa

At age 76, which chronic condition is Beth most likely to suffer from? A. Heart disease B. Hearing impairment C. Arthritis D. Hypertension

C. Arthritis

Binging without purging typifies which of the following disorders? A. Bulimia nervosa B. Anorexia nervosa C. Binge eating disorder D. Marasmus

C. Binge eating disorder

What is the leading cause of death in U.S. adults aged 65-74? A. Stroke B. Diabetes C. Cancer D. Injury

C. Cancer

Nutritionists recommend that infants consume approximately 50 calories per day for each pound they weigh. How does this compare to an adult's requirement? A. This is the same as an adult's requirement per pound B. This is half an adult's requirement per pound C. This is more than twice an adult's requirement per pound. D. This is one-third an adult's requirement per pound.

C. This is more than twice an adult's requirement per pound.

Which of the following interventions have shown moderate success in helping overweight children and teens lose weight? A. befriending underweight friends B. intense daily cardiovascular training C. a reduction in sedentary activity, coupled with calorie restriction and exercise D. forbidding processed and high-fat foods

C. a reduction in sedentary activity, coupled with calorie restriction and exercise

Although aging people are often characterized as sickly, only __________ percent of U.S. adults aged 65 to 74 have a disability. A. 5 B. 23 C. 29 D. 17

D. 17

From birth to their first birthday, infants increase their length by__________ and__________ their weight. A. 25 percent; triple B. 75 percent; double C. 100 percent; quadruple D. 50 percent; triple

D. 50 percent; triple

Which of the following is true based on research into obesity and exercise in childhood? A. Parent behavior has been found to be the single biggest contributing factor to childhood obesity. B. Risk of osteoporosis in aging adults tends to remain consistent regardless of the presence of obesity in childhood. C. Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States have put forth physical activity guidelines for young children that vary considerably in their recommendations. D. Aerobic training has significant benefits for insulin resistance in obese elementary school children.

D. Aerobic training has significant benefits for insulin resistance in obese elementary school children.

Of the following, who is LEAST likely to exercise? A. Asian girls B. Latino boys C. Non-Latina white girls D. African American girls

D. African American girls

Compared to adolescents, emerging adults are more likely to A. Have chronic health problems B. Have a mental health disorder C. Be obese D. All answer choices are correct

D. All answer choices are correct

Michael is a 10-year-old obese child. He is most likely at risk for which of the following? A. Depression and Low self-esteem B. Hypertension C. Pulmonary and hip problems D. All answer choices are correct

D. All answer choices are correct

Which of the following is true of breastfeeding? A. Breastfeeding can prevent allergies in children B. Breastfed infants are psychologically healthier than bottle-fed infants. C. Mothers with tuberculosis can breastfeed their infants safely. D. Breastfeeding can lead to a decreased risk of SIDS

D. Breastfeeding can lead to a decreased risk of SIDS

During adolescence, activity levels A. increase because of the focus on organized school sports. B. increase because PE is an academic requirement for high school graduation. C. Decrease, especially for boys D. Decrease, especially for girls

D. Decrease, especially for girls

Which of the following is FALSE? A. Preschool children who are obese are five times more likely to be overweight or obese as adults B. Overweight 5-year-olds are more likely to be obese at age 14 than normal-weight counterparts. C. Children in the 95th percentile among peers in terms of BMI are considered overweight. D. Fewer children are overweight in middle and late childhood than in early childhood.

D. Fewer children are overweight in middle and late childhood than in early childhood.

What is the most common vegetable eaten by 2- to 3-year-olds in the United States? A. Fried okra B. Tomato C. Cucumber D. Fried potato

D. Fried potato

Ross is at a higher risk of becoming a regular smoker if A. He is dating a non smoker B. He is obese C. His parents discourage him from smoking cigarettes D. He uses e-cigarettes

D. He uses e-cigarettes

Shandra is infected with the HIV virus, and she has just given birth. Should Shandra breastfeed her baby? A. Yes. The HIV virus cannot be passed to a baby through breast milk. B. No. Breast milk from a mother with HIV lacks the necessary protein and nutrients to nourish a baby. C. Yes. The nutritional value of breast milk outweighs the risk of passing the virus to the baby. D. No. A mother with HIV can pass the virus to her baby through breast milk.

D. No. A mother with HIV can pass the virus to her baby through breast milk.

Sara, 9, is overweight. Which of the following statements about Sara is most likely FALSE? A. She is at risk for developing sleep apnea B. She is more likely to suffer from low self-esteem C. She is at risk for high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes in adulthood. D. She is likely to have cognitive delays

D. She is likely to have cognitive delays.

In addition to aerobic activity and stretching, gerontologists recommend__________ for older adults. A. Physical therapy B. Jogging C. Calcium supplements D. Strength training

D. Strength training

To treat obesity in children, experts recommend all of the following EXCEPT A. Surgical procedures B. Calorie restriction C. Regular exercise D. A reduction in TV (and other media) viewing

A. Surgical procedures

Which of the following statements about chronic disorders is NOT correct? A. They are rare in late adulthood B. They are rare in early adulthood C. They increase in middle adulthood D. They are characterized by a slow onset and long duration

A. They are rare in late adulthood.

If a mother wants to reduce the risk of her child developing wheezing symptoms and asthma, she should A. Eat nutritiously while pregnant B. Be under the age of 35 C. Stop smoking D. Feed her child a diet low in fat

C. Stop smoking

The component that the most effective weight loss programs include is A. calorie restriction. B. Meal planning C. Exercise D. Regular weigh-ins

C. Exercise

In general, research indicates that the quality of nursing home care is A. Consistently good B. Consistently poor C. Highly variable D. Moderate

C. Highly variable

Kenneth is considering moving into a nursing home. Based on the findings of Rodin and Langer, which of the following would increase both his happiness and his health in the new facility? A. The nursing home staff is helpful and caring and tries to schedule everything for the residents. B. The nursing home has a very good staff-to-resident ratio at a low cost. C. The nursing home employs strict safety measures D. The nursing home allows him a lot of self-determination in aspects of his life.

D. The nursing home allows him a lot of self-determination in aspects of his life.

Which of the following is a benefit to mothers who breastfeed? A. They return more quickly to their prepregnancy weight. B. They are less likely to develop osteoporosis. C. They are less likely to suffer postpartum depression D. They are less likely to develop type 2 diabetes.

D. They are less likely to develop type 2 diabetes.