Chapter 4 AP Psychology

On average, how much alcohol would a person need to consume to experience a loss of equilibrium, decreased sensory and motor capabilities, double vision, and legal blindness?

8-10

During a typical night's sleep, REM periods occur approximately every __________ minutes

90

MDMA, a hallucinogen more commonly known as ________________, works primarily by affecting the availability of the neurotransmitter __________

Ecstacy; serotonin

Using the theory of dissociation, which statement explains why Fran was able to be successfully hypnotized?

Fran's conscious awareness was able to be divided into hypnotized and observing portions

Based on the social-cognitive theory of hypnosis, which statement explains why Judy was able to be successfully hypnotized?

Judy had a high level of expectation for the hypnosis to work

Kevin's therapist is using hypnosis to help him recall the night he was supposedly abducted by aliens. Keanu's therapist is using hypnosis to help him prepare for the pain of dental surgery because Keanu is allergic to the dentist's painkillers. Kyle's therapist is using hypnosis to help him quit drinking and smoking. who has the highest chance for success?

Keanu's

Which substance is classified as a hallucinogen?

LSD

Which drug, depending on the dosage, can be a hallucinogen, stimulant, depressant, or painkiller

PCP

Geof has had a very demanding day. Though his work is not physically challenging, it tends to mentally drain him. Which type of sleep will Geof probably require more of?

REM sleep

Emily is taken to the emergency room after she reports hearing dogs speaking Portuguese and seeing fire shooting from her fingertips. Assuming her condition is due to a drug overdose, which type of drug did Emily most likely consume?

a hallucinogen

When Tiana is asked to write down her dreams as a class assignment, she is bothered by the fact that her dreams often seem to jump randomly from scene to scene with little meaning. What theory best explains her dreams?

activation-synthesis

What theory proposes that sleep patterns emerged as a product of evolution

adaptive theory

What is the most commonly used and abused depressant?

alcohol

Which substance is classified as a depressant?

alcohol

Hypnogogic hallucinations can explain experiencing images associated with _______________

alien or ghost visitations

Olivia has difficulty falling off to sleep easily but often wakes up early. Dina typically sleeps for 10 hours. All three are tired and not rested upon rising. Who seems to be experiencing insomnia?

all of them

Cathy has just taken a drug test that has caused her heart rate and breathing to slow down considerably. Most likely, Cathy has taken _________

barbiturates

The most accurate definition of psychoactive drugs is that they are substances ______________

capable of influencing perception, mood, cognition, or behavior

A biological cycle, or rhythm, that is approximately 24 hours long is called a _________ cycle

circadian

What terms do psychologists use to designate our personal awareness of feelings, sensations, and thoughts

consciousness

The slowest and largest brain waves, present during sleep stage N3, are known as ____________

delta waves

Sleep apnea is a disorder characterized by __________

difficulty breathing while asleep

Which of the following would be bad advice for someone who is suffering from insomnia?

donotexcersise

The activation-information-mode model suggests __________________

events that occur during waking hours may influence dreams

REM behavior disorder results from _____________

failure of the pons to block brain signals to the muscles

Jaquan is pulling an all-nighter in preparation for his big psychology test tomorrow. According to the research, what is the result on Jaquan's memory when he deprives himself of sleep on the night prior to his exam?

he will remember less

A social interaction in which one person responds to suggestions offered by another person for experiences involving alterations in perception, memory, and voluntary action defines ______________

hypnosis

what part of the brain is influential in determining when to sleep?

hypothalamus

Hypnosis can ______________

induce amnesia

Kaleb had a dream about his dog Buster in which he constantly looked for him but couldn't find him. In reality, Kaleb's dog had died after being hit by a car. According to Sigmund Freud, Kaleb's dream in which he was searching for his dog is an example of ___________, while the inner meaning that he misses his dog terribly is an example of __________

manifest content; latent content

According to Freud's theory of dreaming, interpretation of the _____________ content of a dream is expected to reveal the dream's _____________ content

manifest; latent

Sid is taking part in a research project studying the effects of sleep deprivation; he has been without sleep for 75 hours. Researches currently have placed him in front of a computer screen with instructions to press a key each time he sees the letter "S" appear. A few days ago, Sid was a whiz at this task; however he is doing very poorly at the moment. How are sleep researchers likely to explain Sid's poor performance?

microsleeps are ocurring due to sleep deprivation, and he is asleep for brief periods of time

Which substance does NOT belong with the others listed here?

morphine

Kate is a well-respected, 15-year employee at a small office. Because her coworkers have known her for so long, they know that if she falls asleep suddenly in the middle of a meeting, they should leaver her alone until she wakes up a few minutes later. It is clear that her coworkers are aware that Kate suffers from ____________

narcolepsy

Luis suddenly and without warning slips into REM sleep during the day. He often falls to the ground and is difficult to awaken. Luis may have a condition called ___________

narcolepsy

Psychological dependence is best described as ________

needing a drug to maintain a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being

The hormone levels melatonin reaches peak levels in the body during the _________

night

Narcotics are _____________

opium-based drugs that produce a pain-relieving and calming effect

Based on results from a variety of surveys, girls and women tend to dream about ______________

people they know

REM paralysis is _______________

prevents the acting out of dreams

One of the greatest risks of using Marijuana is __________

psychological dependence

If an EEG recording reveals evidence of very small and very fast waves, it is reasonable to conclude that the sleeping person is _____________

really not sleeping and is awake

Studies have found that certain chemicals that help repair damaged cells only function while we sleep. What theory best explains this?

restorative theory of sleep

Drugs that speed up the functioning of the nervous system are called _________

stimulants

As the sun begins to set, Winston finds himself becoming sleepier and sleepier. What structure is sensitive to light and influences when to go to sleep and when to wake?

suprachiasmatic nucleus

After watching television while surfing the internet on your tablet, you find yourself having trouble falling asleep at night. According to what we know about the biology of sleep, what is the most likely cause of your sleep problem?

the bright light from the tv and tablet is causing your pineal gland to release too little melatonin

Each of the following statements about sleepwalking is true EXCEPT ____________

waking a sleepwalker is dangerous

Destiny has found that when she tries to quit drinking, she gets headaches, has night sweats, and shakes uncontrollably. Such a reaction is an example of _________

withdrawal