Chapter 4 - Downers, uppers downers, all arounders

Poppy seedpod

Morphine and codeine alkaloids are found in the sap of the _________________

Prescription opioids

Most heroin abusers began by abusing ________________, specifically

Significant clinical improvement

Of 1,033 new drugs approved by the FDA between 1989 and 2000 more than 50% showed no _______________________ over older and cheaper drugs already in use

dopamine

Regarding the activation of the dopaminergic reward/control system: Is activated by _________

Vicodin

Semi-synthetic/ synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: • Hydrocodone

Percodan, Percocet

Semi-synthetic/ synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: • Oxycodone

10% to 70% 10% to 70%

The DEA estimates heroin purity at ___________. Therefore, the purity of heroin at the retail level varies from ______________.

Detoxification Correction Therapy Recovery Community

The combination of all four of these factors is considered the most successful means of sustained recovery for addiction to opiates 1. Physical ___________ 2. Psychological ___________ 3. Medication/ replacement ___________ 4. Participation in a ___________ ___________

Safer

The following factors contribute to the misuse, abuse, or overdose of sedative-hypnotic drugs: • Misperception that prescription medications are much _______ than street drugs

heroin

The following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among US military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 3. The availability of __________

-traumatic stress

The following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among US military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 4. Post______________

Combination Magnifies

The synergistic effect of drugs refers to, the ___________ of two or more depressant drugs, which __________ their effect on the CNS

3 (injection, smoke, snorted/sniffed)

There are ____ ways to get heroin into your system

No limit

Therefore, there is almost ________ to the level of opioid tolerance a human can develop

Just a few days

Tolerance to opiates/ opioids develops rapidly, with users being able to tolerate great amounts within

Muscular pain

Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drugs effects. Considering this fact, the following symptoms would be expected from opiates withdrawal: • Bone, joint, and ____________

Anxiety

Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drugs effects. Considering this fact, the following symptoms would be expected from opiates withdrawal: • Insomnia and _________

14 days or more

Withdrawal symptoms following detoxification and abstinence from long-acting opioids such as methadone can persist for ______________ after detoxification

Valium & Xanax

__________ & ___________ are the most widely prescribed sedative/hypnotic drugs today

Downers

____________ depress the overall functioning of the central nervous system, causing sedation, muscle relaxation, drowsiness, and, if used to excess, coma

Naloxone

_____________ is an opioid antagonist that may be used to prevent an opioid overdose

60%

_____________ of users of illegal prescription drugs get them from friends or relatives

Depressants

Alcohol, opiates, sedative-hypnotics are the three major classes of

Dependence

Concerning cross-tolerance of and cross-dependence on drugs: • As tissue dependence on a drug develops, the user can also develop ________ on other drugs in a different chemical family

Breathing and heart rate

Depressants decrease rate of

antihistamines muscle relaxants benzodiazepines

In addition to alcohol and opioids, other depressant drugs include: • Over the counter and look alike downers, including ________________ • Skeletal __________________ • Sedative-hypnotics, including ______________

OxyContin

Semi-synthetic/ synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: • Oxycodone

hydrocodone and oxycodone

The following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among US military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 2. The availability of prescription opiates like _______________ and _________________

Alcohol

The oldest psychoactive drug in the world

respiratory depression, overdose, and death

Why is it dangerous to combine and opioid with a downer like alcohol, barbiturates, or benzos? Because the combination of depressants increases the potential for _________, ___________, and _____________