Chapter 4 - Downers, uppers downers, all arounders
Poppy seedpod
Morphine and codeine alkaloids are found in the sap of the _________________
Prescription opioids
Most heroin abusers began by abusing ________________, specifically
Significant clinical improvement
Of 1,033 new drugs approved by the FDA between 1989 and 2000 more than 50% showed no _______________________ over older and cheaper drugs already in use
dopamine
Regarding the activation of the dopaminergic reward/control system: Is activated by _________
Vicodin
Semi-synthetic/ synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: • Hydrocodone
Percodan, Percocet
Semi-synthetic/ synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: • Oxycodone
10% to 70% 10% to 70%
The DEA estimates heroin purity at ___________. Therefore, the purity of heroin at the retail level varies from ______________.
Detoxification Correction Therapy Recovery Community
The combination of all four of these factors is considered the most successful means of sustained recovery for addiction to opiates 1. Physical ___________ 2. Psychological ___________ 3. Medication/ replacement ___________ 4. Participation in a ___________ ___________
Safer
The following factors contribute to the misuse, abuse, or overdose of sedative-hypnotic drugs: • Misperception that prescription medications are much _______ than street drugs
heroin
The following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among US military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 3. The availability of __________
-traumatic stress
The following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among US military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 4. Post______________
Combination Magnifies
The synergistic effect of drugs refers to, the ___________ of two or more depressant drugs, which __________ their effect on the CNS
3 (injection, smoke, snorted/sniffed)
There are ____ ways to get heroin into your system
No limit
Therefore, there is almost ________ to the level of opioid tolerance a human can develop
Just a few days
Tolerance to opiates/ opioids develops rapidly, with users being able to tolerate great amounts within
Muscular pain
Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drugs effects. Considering this fact, the following symptoms would be expected from opiates withdrawal: • Bone, joint, and ____________
Anxiety
Withdrawal from opiates produces symptoms that are the opposite of the drugs effects. Considering this fact, the following symptoms would be expected from opiates withdrawal: • Insomnia and _________
14 days or more
Withdrawal symptoms following detoxification and abstinence from long-acting opioids such as methadone can persist for ______________ after detoxification
Valium & Xanax
__________ & ___________ are the most widely prescribed sedative/hypnotic drugs today
Downers
____________ depress the overall functioning of the central nervous system, causing sedation, muscle relaxation, drowsiness, and, if used to excess, coma
Naloxone
_____________ is an opioid antagonist that may be used to prevent an opioid overdose
60%
_____________ of users of illegal prescription drugs get them from friends or relatives
Depressants
Alcohol, opiates, sedative-hypnotics are the three major classes of
Dependence
Concerning cross-tolerance of and cross-dependence on drugs: • As tissue dependence on a drug develops, the user can also develop ________ on other drugs in a different chemical family
Breathing and heart rate
Depressants decrease rate of
antihistamines muscle relaxants benzodiazepines
In addition to alcohol and opioids, other depressant drugs include: • Over the counter and look alike downers, including ________________ • Skeletal __________________ • Sedative-hypnotics, including ______________
OxyContin
Semi-synthetic/ synthetic opiate drugs with the trade pharmaceutical name listed after it: • Oxycodone
hydrocodone and oxycodone
The following factors have led to increases in drug experimentation, abuse, and addiction among US military personnel who served in Iraq and Afghanistan: 2. The availability of prescription opiates like _______________ and _________________
Alcohol
The oldest psychoactive drug in the world
respiratory depression, overdose, and death
Why is it dangerous to combine and opioid with a downer like alcohol, barbiturates, or benzos? Because the combination of depressants increases the potential for _________, ___________, and _____________
