chapter 4: english

brief stories or incidents.

anecdotes:

*1.* use precise language, especially specific nouns and adjectives rather than general ones *2.* use sensory details to create a strong main impression *3.* arrange details in spatial order, moving in a specific order *4.* use transitions to signal shifts in setting and to help readers form a clear picture in their minds

descriptive paragraph:

specific cases or instances.

examples:

*1.* express the main idea clearly, such as stating it directly in a topic sentence at the beginning of the paragraph *2.* explain and elaborate on the idea by including supporting details, such as facts, examples, or quotations *3.* organize the details logically by using transitional words and phrases to help readers see how one detail or sentence connects to another

expository paragraph:

statements that can be proved true.

facts:

*1.* divide the story or process into a series of separate events or actions *2.* use chronological order to tell the events in the order they occur in time *3.* include transitions to help readers follow the sequence *4.* include details that help answer who, what, when, where, why, and how questions

narrative paragraph:

*1.* express your point of view clearly in a thesis, or claim *2.* support your opinion, give clear reasons and evidence, such as examples, facts, and statistics *3.* organize your supporting details in order of importance *4.* explain what you want the reader to do in a clear call to action, often at the end of the paragraph

persuasive paragraph:

spoken or written words from an expert.

quotations:

statements that explain opinions.

reasons:

details about how something looks, sounds, smells, feels, or tastes.

sensory details:

data expressed in numbers.

statistics:

as a result, because, consequently, for this reason, since, so, therefore.

transition words that show cause and effect.

for example, for instance, in addition, such as, to illustrate.

transition words that show examples.

above, behind, below, beyond, in front of, nearby, on top of, opposite, under.

transition words that show location.

also, but, however, in contrast, likewise, on the other hand, similarly, yet.

transition words that show similarities and differences.

above all, first, last, mainly, most important, of least importance, second.

transition words that show the order of importance.

after, as, before, during, immediately, meanwhile, soon, then, when, while.

transition words that show time.

as a result, finally, in conclusion, to sum up, therefore.

transition words that summarize.

chronological order spatial order order of importance logical order

what are the patterns of organization?

describe, narrate, explain, or persuade.

what are the purposes of a paragraph?

to imply/suggest

what is it called when there is no single sentence that expresses the main idea in the parpagrph?

it is the topic sentence that gives an overview over a paragraph. it also should capture the reader's attention and help them understand what is to come in the rest of the paragraph.

what is the main idea in a paragraph?

when all the sentences relate to a single topic. In a unified paragraph, each sentence directly supports one main idea.

what is unity?

to tell a story, explain a process, give instructions, or explain a historical event.

when do you use chronological order?

when you compare and contrast two historical figures.

when do you use logical order?

in persuave paragraphs, and essays.

when do you use order of importance?

when writing a description.

when do you use spatial order?

first or second sentence in the paragraph.

where does the topic sentence usually occur?