Chapter 4 Environmental Science (still in progress)

List characteristics of organisms in each of the domain and kingdoms

-Domain Archaea; unicellular, lack nuclei, usually have cell walls, harsh environments -Domain Bacteria; unicellular, lack nuclei, usually have cell walls, incredibly common -Kingdom Fungi; unicellular but most multicellular, have cell walls, have cell nuclei, no chlorophyll -Kingdom Protist; most unicellular but some multicellular, have nuclei, no cell walls, some can make their own food -Kingdom Plants; multicellular, have nuclei, have cell walls, make their own foodj -Kingdom Animals; multicellular, no cell walls, have nuclei ingest their food

List the five components that an ecosystem must contain to survive

-Energy -Mineral nutrients -Water -Oxygen -Living organisms

Choose any organism and describe its adaptions. Explain how each adaption might help it survive.

A chameleon's skin can change color. This can help the chameleons hide from their prey.

ecosystems

A community of organisms and their abiotic environment

species

A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring

Explain the difference between a community and a population. Provide a specific example of each.

A population is made up of all the members of one species that live in the same place at the same time. A community is made up of all the populations living in the same place at the same time. A population is made up of one species, while a community is made up of many species. All the squirrels living in a forest are a population. The community is made up of all the squirrels, plants, other animals, and other organisms living in the forest.

Which of the following describes soil and temperature in an ecosystem? A. abiotic factors B. biotic factors C. unnecessary factors D. selection factors

Abiotic factors

Which of the following organisms does not belong with the rest? A. moss B. grass C. algae D. wild flower

Algae

Which of the following is part of an organisms habitat? A. shelter B. food C. water D. all the above

All the above

Some snakes produce a powerful venom that paralyzes their prey. This poison is an example of A. coevolution B. an adaptation C. a reptile D. a biotic factor

An adaptation

Imagine a population of small birds that feed only on snails. They use their hooked, needle-like beaks to pull snails from their shells. Explain how these birds might have evolved their specialized beaks.

Birds with more curved beaks were better able to extract snails from their shells, and this ability helped them produce more offspring than their straighter-beaked relatives. These off-spring inherited the curved beaks of their parents, and over time the entire species evolved curved beaks.

Which of these sentences does not describe part of the process of evolution by natural selection? A. the environment contains limited resources B. organisms produce more offspring than will survive to reproduce C. Communities include populations of several species D. Organisms in a population differ in their traits

Communities include populations of several species

some cause diseases such as athletes foot

Fungi

Your neighbor is bothered by insects and wants to spray his yard and garden with insecticide to get rid of them. Explain how you would convince your neighbor that this is not a good idea

Insects are a part of an ecosystem even if that ecosystem contains someone's home, yard, and garden. As a part of an ecosystem, insects can be linked to other organisms in a complex web that we might not be aware of. By removing insects, we may be harming other parts of the ecosystem. Also, insecticides kill beneficial insects as well as insect pests and can encourage the selection of insect pests that are resistant to insecticides.

More insects exist on Earth than any other type of animal. Describe the characteristics insects have that make them so successful.

Insects have a waterproof external skeleton, they move quickly, and they reproduce quickly. They also are small, can hide easily, and require little food. Many insects can fly

What would happen to organisms in the ocean if all the protists died? Explain

Most of the other organisms would also die because phytoplankton are protist that use the sun's energy to make food. Phytoplankton are the initial source of food in most ocean ecosystems, so if they died, other organisms would lose their food source

Predict what might happen to birds with beaks specialized for eating snail if the snail's habitat were destroyed? Explain your answer

The snails would die out or move to another habitat without their habitat, the birds would probably not survive because of no food source

angiosperm

a flowering plant that produces seeds within a fruit

population

a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area

community

a group of various species that live in the same habitat and interact with each other

evolution

a heritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next; the development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time

organsims

a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently

gymnosperm

a woody vascular seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit

trait that increases an organism's chance of survival

adaptation

A desert ecosystem contains A. air B. living things C. sand D. all the above

all the above

Bacteria that are no longer killed by an antibiotic have A. evolved B. developed unwanted adaptions C. developed resistance to the antibiotic D. all the above

all the above

invertebrate

an animal that does not have a backbone

vertebrate

an animal that has a backbone; includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fish

Angiosperms and animals depend upon each other. Using an apple tree and beehive as examples, explain how these organisms depend upon each other.

an apple tree depends on bees to pollinate its flower. The flowers must be pollinated for the flowers to make seeds and fruit. The bees depend on the nectar for food

biotic factor

an environmental factor that is associated with or results from the activities of living organisms

protist

an organism that belongs to the kingdom Protista

fungus

an organism whose cells have nuclei, rigid cell walls, and no chlorophyll and that belongs to the kingdom Fungi

The initial source of food in most ocean and freshwater ecosystems are _________

angiosperms

Some of these organsims have vertebrae

animals

process that causes the characteristics of a population to change in aways controlled by humans

artificial selection

E. coli is one of these

bacteria

Most bacteria, including the kinds that cause disease and those found in garden soil, belong to the kingdom __________

bacteria

Many angiosperms depend on animals for A. pollinating their flowers B. distributing their seeds C. providing food D. Both (a) and (b)

both (a) and (b)

abiotic factors

describes the non living part of the environment including water, rocks, light, and temprature

Change in the genetic characteristics in a population from one generation to the next

evolution

bacteria

extremely small, single-celled organisms that usually have a cell wall and that usually reproduce by cell division

Which of the following are vertebrates? A. clams B. frogs C. worms D. insects

frogs

Pine trees and other conifers are classified as _________ because they are woody plants, the seeds of which are not enclosed in fruits.

gymnosperms

The place that contains everything an organism needs is its A. community B. species C. habitat D. population

habitat

resistance

in biology, the ability of an organism to tolerate a chemical or disease-causing agent

Which invertebrates are generally small, allowing them to live on little food and to hide from enemies? A. insects B. bacteria C. protist D. mice

insects

Which of the following best describes a population? A. members of the same species living in the same time B. all the red birds in an area C. all types of organisms living in the same place D. all the members of the same species

members of the same species living in the same place at the same time

Which of the following are nonvascular plants? A. flowering plants B. algae C. mosses D. trees

mosses

process that causes the characteristics of a population to change without human control

natural selection

Natural selection is the unequal survival that results from the presence or absence of A. cell walls B. particular traits C. learned behaviors D. breeding

particular traits

these organisms are the source of most food humans eat

plants

archaea

prokaryotes (most of which are known to live in extreme environments) that are distinguished from other prokaryotes by differences in their genetics and in the makeup of their cell wall; members of the domain Archaea (singular, archaeon)

one species causes malaria

protists

If a insect is no longer killed by an insecticide, it has developed a(n) _________ to the chemical

resistance

Trait that may be unintentionally selected by humans

resistance

habitat

the place where an organism usually lives

natural selection

the process by which individuals that are adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do

adaptation

the process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a populations ability to survive

artificial selection

the selective breeding of organisms (by humans) for specific desirable characteristics

Archaea and bacteria are A. two domains B. in the same kingdom C. in the protists kingdom D. in the fungi kingdom

two domains

Which of the following is an abiotic factor in an ecosystem? A. plants B. bacteria C. fungi D. water

water