Chapter 4
What is the role of chloroplasts in animals?
None, as animals do not have chloroplasts
Alcohol is a waste product produced by yeast in the presence of sugar and the absence of
O2
Which of the following is a waste product of photosynthesis?
O2
Which processes can be carried out by consumers
Only cellular respiration
Water behind a dam has a certain amount of stored energy that can be released as the water falls over the top of the dam. It may be enough energy to turn a mill wheel or an electricity- generating turbine. Choose the term that best describes the type of energy stored in the water at the top of the dam.
Potential
What is the role of mitochondria in plants?
Produce ATP
Predict what would happen as the entropy of a system approaches 100%
Randomness would become maximized.
Which stage of photosynthesis, if any, can function in the dark?
Stage 2 (the Calvin cycle)
Name the fluid-filled interior of the chloroplast.
Stroma
The purpose of the Calvin cycle is to produce ________.
Sugar
Which arrow would be most closely related to kinetic energy?
Tongue extending
What is the main by-product of cellular respiration?
Water
Where do the electrons that are excited by the energy in sunlight first come from?
Water
Which of the following best describes the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
Water + Carbon dioxide + Energy = Sugar + Oxygen
an energy be harvested by the cells from glucose without oxygen?
Yes, but much less than with oxygen.
Respiration is called aerobic because ________.
it requires oxygen
redict how many molecules of carbon dioxide are produced from the mitochondrial "burning" of one molecule of glucose?
6
Choose the pencil that has the lowest potential energy.
A pencil laying on the ground
Which of the following is a common energy currency in living cells that powers most living organisms?
ATP
Organize the following steps of the light reaction in order.
Absorb sunlight, split water to release electron, produce oxygen as a by-product, capture energy in ATP and NADPH
For what purpose does a plant use the sugars produced during photosynthesis?
All of the above
Which of the following can carry out photosynthesis?
All of the above can carry out photosynthesis
Choose the best explanation as to why both consumers and producers perform cellular respiration.
Although they may obtain their sugars in different ways, both consumers and producers rely on cellular respiration to make ATP.
Which processes can be carried out by producers?
Both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
How does ATP release energy that can be used by living cells?
By breaking a bond within an ATP molecule
What is the chemical equation for glucose?
C6H12O6
Which process produces glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (3GP)?
Calvin cycle
What does it mean to "fix" carbon, and during which stage of photosynthesis is carbon fixed?
Carbon is fixed during photosynthesis when it is converted from gaseous carbon dioxide into solid glucose.
Plastids are storage organelles. A chloroplast is a type of plastid. What does a chloroplast store?
Chlorophyll
The chemical reactions of photosynthesis occur in which cellular organelle?
Chloroplasts
What is a photosystem?
Clusters of pigments and proteins that capture light energy
We use energy in many ways. What is one thing we cannot do to energy?
Destroy it.
During which stage of cellular respiration is the majority of the ATP produced?
Electron transport chain
Which stage of cellular respiration requires oxygen that you breathe?
Electron transport chain
Identify the stage (or stages) of cellular respiration that occurs entirely outside of the mitochondria.
Glycolysis
Identify the stage of cellular respiration when glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Glycolysis
How do we know green light is not absorbed by chlorophyll?
Green light is the wavelength of light that is reflected instead of absorbed by the chloroplasts.
Where does cellular respiration occur?
In the mitochondria
What is the role of light in photosynthesis?
It energizes electrons.
Which of the following statements about heat is false?
It is a highly organized form of energy
Identify the role of oxygen in photosynthesis
It is a waste product in the light reactions.
Identify the role of carbon dioxide in photosynthesis
It is split to become incorporated into sugars.
Identify the role of water in photosynthesis.
It is the initial electron releaser when split.
What happens to the ATP molecule after it has been used to do work?
It loses a phosphate group and is converted to ADP
What is the definition of energy?
The capacity to do work
Why do some leaves change color (red, yellow, orange, etc.) in the fall?
The chlorophyll molecule breaks down and other pigments now become visible
What molecule(s) link the light reactions (stage 1 of photosynthesis) to the Calvin cycle (stage 2 of photosynthesis)?
The electron shuttles (ATP and NADPH)
Yeast is used to produce beer and wine but can also make bread rise. All of these processes involve the production of alcohol. Explain why you can eat bread and not get drunk.
The heat of cooking bakes out the alcohol
Select the ultimate source of energy for nearly every organism on this planet.
The sun
Explain how molecules other than glucose can be used as energy sources.
They are modified first and then enter the same metabolic pathway as glucose.
Where do the molecules used as the inputs of the Calvin cycles (ATP and NADPH) come from?
They come from the light reactions
How does CO2 enter a plant?
Through the stomata
Identify the principal role of photosynthesis.
To convert solar energy into the chemical energy of sugars
Identify the principal role of cellular respiration
To convert the chemical energy of sugars into the chemical energy that fuels life's processes
What is the main purpose of cellular respiration?
To produce ATP
Since energy cannot be created, which arrow represents the energy that will be converted to chemical energy the chameleon can later use?
the insect being eaten
The bulk of a plant is made from ________.
the sugars made in photosynthesis, which were made from carbon dioxide
Why does yogurt taste sharp?
the taste is from the lactic acid it contains, and acids taste sharp.
