Chapter 4 Quiz

Gideon v. Wainwright required the states to

furnish attorneys for poor defendants in felony cases.

In its 1969 Brandenburg v. Ohio ruling, the Supreme Court established the ________ test.

imminent lawless action

The Supreme Court's position on prior restraint of the press is that

prior restraint should occur only under very compelling circumstances, and it is better to hold the press responsible for what it has printed than to restrict what it may print.

The inclusion of certain provisions of the Bill of Rights through the Fourteenth Amendment, so that these rights are protected from infringements by the state governments, is called

selective incorporation

The Fourth Amendment protects Americans from

unreasonable searches.

Government can lawfully prevent a political rally from taking place

when it can demonstrate that harmful acts will necessarily result from the rally.

Spoken words that are known to be false and harmful to a person's reputation are an example of

slander

In Schenck v. United States (1919), the Supreme Court ruled that

speech could be restricted when the nation's security is at stake.

What was the main conclusion of the Supreme Court's 2008 decision in District of Columbia v. Heller and 2010 decision in McDonald v. Chicago?

Citizens are allowed to own guns for legitimate purposes, such as for protecting the home.

Which of the following amendments contains a due process clause?

Fourteenth

The right to an attorney is guaranteed by the ________ Amendment.

Sixth

Which of the following is true of the appeal process?

The Constitution does not guarantee an appeal after conviction, but the federal government and all states permit at least one appeal.

According to the Supreme Court, prayer in public schools violates

the establishment clause.

The individual freedoms in the Bill of Rights were extended by the Fourteenth Amendment to include protection from deprivation of due process rights by

actions of state and local governments.

The inevitable discovery exception

allows the use of normally inadmissible evidence that would have been discovered by other means or through other forms of evidence.

The term civil liberties refers to specific individual rights that

are constitutionally protected from infringement by government.

If a person yells "Fire!" in a crowded theater when there is no fire, and people are hurt in the ensuing panic, that individual has abused his or her freedom of speech, according to the doctrine of

clear and present danger.

The Lemon test is designed to

ensure the secular nature of a government action or policy.

The exclusionary rule states that

evidence obtained illegally is inadmissible in court.

The establishment clause prohibits government from

favoring one religion over another or supporting religion over no religion.