Chapter 4 quiz

The villi found in the gastrointestinal tract ________. are finger-like projections into the lumen of the small intestine are covered with the brush border (microvilli) contain cells that produce mucus, hormones, and enzymes produce a large surface area for nutrient absorption All of these choices are correct

All of these choices are correct

__________ increases the available surface area of fats for digestion and later absorption. Pancreatic lipase Lingual lipase Gastric lipase Bile

Bile

The small intestine is divided into three segments. List them in descending order. Ileum, jejunum, duodenum Jejunum, ileum, duodenum Duodenum, ileum, jejunum Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Celiac disease is best treated by ________. medication prescribed by a physician a high-fiber diet a gluten-free diet an allergen-free diet

a gluten-free diet

The stomach is protected from digesting itself by producing ________. bicarbonate only when food is in the stomach a thick layer of mucus to coat the lining of the stomach hydroxyl ions to neutralize the acid antipepsin that destroys digestive substances

a thick layer of mucus to coat the lining of the stomach

Segmentation as a function of the GI tract involves ________. peristalsis to move the food along the GI tract back and forth contractions that break apart the food mass conscious effort enzyme input to break apart the food mass

back and forth contractions that break apart the food mass

Much of the digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by ________. lipase pepsin saliva bacteria

bacteria

An example of a probiotic is ________. bacteria in yogurt fiber in whole wheat bread calcium in milk digestible carbohydrates in bananas

bacteria in yogurt

The fluid mixture that moves from the stomach to the duodenum is called ________. bolus chyme food None of these choices are accurate

chyme

Most dietary fats will ________. be converted to short-chain fatty acids for absorption with other water-soluble nutrients enter the lymphatic system enter the colon and become "food" for bacteria be converted to bile in the lumen of the intestine

enter the lymphatic system

In the process of swallowing, food cannot normally enter the trachea because the ________. tongue directs the flow of food down the esophagus and away from the trachea esophageal sphincter shuts off the passage to the larynx epiglottis covers the larynx trachea does not connect to the esophagus

epiglottis covers the larynx

A sensible idea for preventing constipation is to ________. use a laxative when needed decrease fluid intake include more white bread, white rice, and ice cream in the diet include more whole grain breads, beans, and apples in the diet

include more whole grain breads, beans, and apples in the diet

Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) from the pancreas ________. neutralize the acid contents in the stomach are synthesized in the pyloric sphincter neutralize the bile in the duodenum neutralize the acid contents in the duodenum

neutralize the acid contents in the duodenum

Most digestive enzymes are synthesized by the ________. liver and large intestine bile and gallbladder kidneys and esophagus pancreas and small intestine

pancreas and small intestine

Water-soluble nutrients enter into the body by way of ________. the blood the lymph system both the blood and the lymph system neither the blood nor the lymph system

the blood

The leading cause of peptic ulcer disease is ________. consumption of spicy foods stress Helicobacter pylori infection alcohol consumption

Helicobacter pylori infection

The breakdown of dietary starch to glucose in the small intestine is considered ________. metabolism hormonal action digestion absorption

digestion

Insufficient production of bile is mostly likely to impair absorption of ________. starch fat protein sugars

fat

At the beginning of a meal, the hormone _______ is secreted from the stomach; this hormone controls the release of _______. pepsinogen; pepsin gastrin; HCl bile; lipase cholecystokinin; pancreatic enzymes

gastrin; HCl

The hepatic portal system delivers nutrients from the digestive tract to the ________. heart liver kidneys lungs

liver

Bile is formed in the ___________ and stored in the ___________. stomach; pancreas duodenum; kidney liver; gallbladder gallbladder; liver

liver; gallbladder

Human digestion of food begins in the _______, where the enzyme _____ breaks down a small amount of starch. mouth; amylase stomach; pepsin small intestine; amylase mouth; lipase

mouth; amylase

A coordinated muscular contraction that propels food along the GI tract is called ________. a sphincter enterohepatic circulation a pump peristalsis

peristalsis

The gastric secretion, pepsin, is necessary for ________. preventing peptic ulcer formation protein digestion vitamin B-12 absorption destruction of harmful bacteria and viruses

protein digestion

Most of the digestive processes occur in the ________. mouth stomach small intestine large intestine colon

small intestine