Chapter 4 quiz
The villi found in the gastrointestinal tract ________. are finger-like projections into the lumen of the small intestine are covered with the brush border (microvilli) contain cells that produce mucus, hormones, and enzymes produce a large surface area for nutrient absorption All of these choices are correct
All of these choices are correct
__________ increases the available surface area of fats for digestion and later absorption. Pancreatic lipase Lingual lipase Gastric lipase Bile
Bile
The small intestine is divided into three segments. List them in descending order. Ileum, jejunum, duodenum Jejunum, ileum, duodenum Duodenum, ileum, jejunum Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
Celiac disease is best treated by ________. medication prescribed by a physician a high-fiber diet a gluten-free diet an allergen-free diet
a gluten-free diet
The stomach is protected from digesting itself by producing ________. bicarbonate only when food is in the stomach a thick layer of mucus to coat the lining of the stomach hydroxyl ions to neutralize the acid antipepsin that destroys digestive substances
a thick layer of mucus to coat the lining of the stomach
Segmentation as a function of the GI tract involves ________. peristalsis to move the food along the GI tract back and forth contractions that break apart the food mass conscious effort enzyme input to break apart the food mass
back and forth contractions that break apart the food mass
Much of the digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by ________. lipase pepsin saliva bacteria
bacteria
An example of a probiotic is ________. bacteria in yogurt fiber in whole wheat bread calcium in milk digestible carbohydrates in bananas
bacteria in yogurt
The fluid mixture that moves from the stomach to the duodenum is called ________. bolus chyme food None of these choices are accurate
chyme
Most dietary fats will ________. be converted to short-chain fatty acids for absorption with other water-soluble nutrients enter the lymphatic system enter the colon and become "food" for bacteria be converted to bile in the lumen of the intestine
enter the lymphatic system
In the process of swallowing, food cannot normally enter the trachea because the ________. tongue directs the flow of food down the esophagus and away from the trachea esophageal sphincter shuts off the passage to the larynx epiglottis covers the larynx trachea does not connect to the esophagus
epiglottis covers the larynx
A sensible idea for preventing constipation is to ________. use a laxative when needed decrease fluid intake include more white bread, white rice, and ice cream in the diet include more whole grain breads, beans, and apples in the diet
include more whole grain breads, beans, and apples in the diet
Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) from the pancreas ________. neutralize the acid contents in the stomach are synthesized in the pyloric sphincter neutralize the bile in the duodenum neutralize the acid contents in the duodenum
neutralize the acid contents in the duodenum
Most digestive enzymes are synthesized by the ________. liver and large intestine bile and gallbladder kidneys and esophagus pancreas and small intestine
pancreas and small intestine
Water-soluble nutrients enter into the body by way of ________. the blood the lymph system both the blood and the lymph system neither the blood nor the lymph system
the blood
The leading cause of peptic ulcer disease is ________. consumption of spicy foods stress Helicobacter pylori infection alcohol consumption
Helicobacter pylori infection
The breakdown of dietary starch to glucose in the small intestine is considered ________. metabolism hormonal action digestion absorption
digestion
Insufficient production of bile is mostly likely to impair absorption of ________. starch fat protein sugars
fat
At the beginning of a meal, the hormone _______ is secreted from the stomach; this hormone controls the release of _______. pepsinogen; pepsin gastrin; HCl bile; lipase cholecystokinin; pancreatic enzymes
gastrin; HCl
The hepatic portal system delivers nutrients from the digestive tract to the ________. heart liver kidneys lungs
liver
Bile is formed in the ___________ and stored in the ___________. stomach; pancreas duodenum; kidney liver; gallbladder gallbladder; liver
liver; gallbladder
Human digestion of food begins in the _______, where the enzyme _____ breaks down a small amount of starch. mouth; amylase stomach; pepsin small intestine; amylase mouth; lipase
mouth; amylase
A coordinated muscular contraction that propels food along the GI tract is called ________. a sphincter enterohepatic circulation a pump peristalsis
peristalsis
The gastric secretion, pepsin, is necessary for ________. preventing peptic ulcer formation protein digestion vitamin B-12 absorption destruction of harmful bacteria and viruses
protein digestion
Most of the digestive processes occur in the ________. mouth stomach small intestine large intestine colon
small intestine