Chapter 4

To improve verbal communication, we should own our own thoughts and feelings T or F

True

____________________ determinism states that language determines what we can perceive and think (Hoijer, 1994). According to this theory, we cannot perceive or think about things for which we don't have names. Has been discredited.

linguistic

__________________ language refers to words that strongly slant perceptions and thus meanings.

loaded

A static evaluation is an assessment that suggests that something is _______________ or __________________

unchanging or fixed.

Symbols are Arbitrary which means the words are not intrinsically connect to _________ ____________ _____________

what they represent

Social media gives rise to new words True or False

True

Couples in satisfying relationships rely more on ____ language when discussing problems, whereas partners in distressed relationships rely more on ____ pronouns

"we" , "I"

The meaning of symbols aren't necessary clear cut. This means they are?

Ambiguous

The term "affordable" doesn't have a clear cut definition. This makes it

Ambiguous

The word book has no necessary or natural connection to what you are reading now. This is an example of

Arbitrary

Shared understandings of what communication means and what kind of communication are appropriate.

Communication rules

We learn what counts as respect (listening, eye contact), friendliness (smiles or smiley emoticons in online communication), affection (kisses, hugs), and professionalism (punctuality, assertive communication). These re examples of what type of communication rules?

Constitutive

What type of communication rules specify how to interpret and perform different kinds of communication.

Constitutive

The following is a pattern of? I withdraw because you pursue me>>> I pursue harder because you withdraw further>>>>I am withdrawing more because you are pursuing harder>>> I pursue because you withdraw>>> back to the beginning

Demand withdraw pattern

____________________ perspective involves being person-centered so that you recognize another's perspective and take it into account as you communicate. .

Dual

Another strategy for increasing the clarity of communication is to qualify language. What two types of language should be qualified.

First, we should qualify generalizations so that we don't mislead ourselves or others into mistaking a general statement for an absolute one. Second, we should also qualify language when describing and evaluating people.

_________ speech is language that radically dehumanizes members of particular groups.

Hate

To improve verbal communication, rely on ___ language and not ___ language

I language and not ME language

The following are examples of what type of technique? "Ann (June 6, 2001) acted selfishly," "Don (on the task committee) was irresponsible," "Bob (in college )was generous," and "Vy (in high school) was dependent on others for self-esteem."

Indexing

____________________ is a technique developed by early communication scholars to remind us that our evaluations apply only to specific times and circumstances (Korzybski, 1958).

Indexing

Language evaluates because it is not neutral or ________________. It is laden with values.

Objective

We live in three dimensions of time. What are they?

Past, present and future

defines beginnings and endings of interaction episodes is

Punctuation

Some families have a rule that people cannot argue at the dinner table. This is an example of what type of communication rule?

Regulative

a type of communication rule that specify when, where, and with whom to talk about certain things. .

Regulative

Two kind of rules govern communications and they are?

Regulative and Constitutive

What are the 2 rules governing verbal communication and regulating social media?

Regulative and Constitutive

The symbols we use to define experiences in our relationships affect how we think and feel about those relationships is how language

Shapes and Reflects Relationships

A pattern where one person tries to create closeness with personal talks and the other series to maintain autonomy by avoiding intimate discussion.

The Demand Withdraw pattern

when we respond to a person as if one label (one we have chosen or accepted from others) totally represents who he or she is is when language can

Totalize

An insult is likely to be viewed as teasing if made by a friend but a call to battle if made by an enemy. The words don't change, but their meaning varies by how we organize our words and those who speak them T/F

True

Couple counselor Aaron Beck (1988) reports that overly general language distorts how partners think about a relationship. True or False

True

Language is a primary tool that social movements use to change cultural life and meanings.True or False

True

Language organizes perceptions T/F

True

Misunderstanding is less likely when we are conscious of levels of abstraction. T or F

True

Much confusion comes from language that is extremely abstract T or F

True

Respecting what others say about their feelings and thoughts is a guideline to improve verbal communication T or F

True

Rules governing verbal communication also regulate social media. True or False

True

women sometimes feel that men's practical responses to their concerns are uncaring and insensitive. On the other hand, men may feel frustrated when women offer empathy and support instead of advice for solving problems. This is an example of an issue between gender speech communication. T/F

True

Definition, Evaluation, Organization, Hypothetical thought and self reflection are all symbolic_________________

abilities

Symbols are not concrete or tangible which means they are

abstract

The organizational quality of language allows us to think about (abstract/concrete) concepts, such as justice, integrity, and healthy family life.

abstract

Strive for Accuracy or Clarity or both?

both

Language can/can't degrade others

can

Communication reflects 3 things

cultural history, values and perspectives.

The most basic symbolic ability is

definition

Another strategy for increasing the clarity of communication is to qualify language. What two types of language should be qualified. First, we should qualify generalizations oked" is a false statement because it overgeneralizes. A more accurate statement would be "A number of politicians have been shown to be dishonest."

generalizations so that we don't mislead ourselves or others into mistaking a general statement for an absolute one.

We can contemplate things that currently have no real existence, and we can remember ourselves in the past and project ourselves into the future This is called __________________ thought

hypothetical

We might define a person as an environmentalist, a teacher, a gourmet cook, our boss, or a father. Each definition directs our attention to certain aspects of the person. We might talk with the environmentalist about wilderness legislation, discuss class assignments with the teacher, swap recipes with the chef, restrict ourselves to work topics with the boss, and exchange stories about children with the father. We tend to perceive and interact with people according to how we define them. This is an expanse of how language shapes?

perception

We tend to describe people we like with language that accents their good qualities and downplays their flaws. The reverse is true of our descriptions of people we don't like. This type of language shapes our and other's ___________________ of those people

perception

Language allows self __________________ which allows us to monitor communication and manage our image

reflection

The language we use to think about relationships affects what happens in them. This demonstrates how language shames and reflects?

relationships

One of the earliest studies showed that children's games are a primary agent of gender ___________________

socialization

A _____________ community exists when people share norms about how to use talk and what purposes it serves.

speech

"Ann is selfish," "Don is irresponsible," "Bob is generous," "Vy is dependent." Notice the work IS. These are examples of _____________ assessments.

static

_________________ is thinking in broad generalizations about a whole class of people or experiences and Language can do this

stereotyping

Home means warm and safe to some. It means small and cramped to others. The meanings of language are

subjective

arbitrary, ambiguous, abstract representations of other phenomena

symbols

Fostering new growth requires you to remember who you were at an earlier time, to appreciate progress you've made, and to keep an ideal image of the person you want to become to fuel continued self-improvement. t/f

true