Chapter 4
To improve verbal communication, we should own our own thoughts and feelings T or F
True
____________________ determinism states that language determines what we can perceive and think (Hoijer, 1994). According to this theory, we cannot perceive or think about things for which we don't have names. Has been discredited.
linguistic
__________________ language refers to words that strongly slant perceptions and thus meanings.
loaded
A static evaluation is an assessment that suggests that something is _______________ or __________________
unchanging or fixed.
Symbols are Arbitrary which means the words are not intrinsically connect to _________ ____________ _____________
what they represent
Social media gives rise to new words True or False
True
Couples in satisfying relationships rely more on ____ language when discussing problems, whereas partners in distressed relationships rely more on ____ pronouns
"we" , "I"
The meaning of symbols aren't necessary clear cut. This means they are?
Ambiguous
The term "affordable" doesn't have a clear cut definition. This makes it
Ambiguous
The word book has no necessary or natural connection to what you are reading now. This is an example of
Arbitrary
Shared understandings of what communication means and what kind of communication are appropriate.
Communication rules
We learn what counts as respect (listening, eye contact), friendliness (smiles or smiley emoticons in online communication), affection (kisses, hugs), and professionalism (punctuality, assertive communication). These re examples of what type of communication rules?
Constitutive
What type of communication rules specify how to interpret and perform different kinds of communication.
Constitutive
The following is a pattern of? I withdraw because you pursue me>>> I pursue harder because you withdraw further>>>>I am withdrawing more because you are pursuing harder>>> I pursue because you withdraw>>> back to the beginning
Demand withdraw pattern
____________________ perspective involves being person-centered so that you recognize another's perspective and take it into account as you communicate. .
Dual
Another strategy for increasing the clarity of communication is to qualify language. What two types of language should be qualified.
First, we should qualify generalizations so that we don't mislead ourselves or others into mistaking a general statement for an absolute one. Second, we should also qualify language when describing and evaluating people.
_________ speech is language that radically dehumanizes members of particular groups.
Hate
To improve verbal communication, rely on ___ language and not ___ language
I language and not ME language
The following are examples of what type of technique? "Ann (June 6, 2001) acted selfishly," "Don (on the task committee) was irresponsible," "Bob (in college )was generous," and "Vy (in high school) was dependent on others for self-esteem."
Indexing
____________________ is a technique developed by early communication scholars to remind us that our evaluations apply only to specific times and circumstances (Korzybski, 1958).
Indexing
Language evaluates because it is not neutral or ________________. It is laden with values.
Objective
We live in three dimensions of time. What are they?
Past, present and future
defines beginnings and endings of interaction episodes is
Punctuation
Some families have a rule that people cannot argue at the dinner table. This is an example of what type of communication rule?
Regulative
a type of communication rule that specify when, where, and with whom to talk about certain things. .
Regulative
Two kind of rules govern communications and they are?
Regulative and Constitutive
What are the 2 rules governing verbal communication and regulating social media?
Regulative and Constitutive
The symbols we use to define experiences in our relationships affect how we think and feel about those relationships is how language
Shapes and Reflects Relationships
A pattern where one person tries to create closeness with personal talks and the other series to maintain autonomy by avoiding intimate discussion.
The Demand Withdraw pattern
when we respond to a person as if one label (one we have chosen or accepted from others) totally represents who he or she is is when language can
Totalize
An insult is likely to be viewed as teasing if made by a friend but a call to battle if made by an enemy. The words don't change, but their meaning varies by how we organize our words and those who speak them T/F
True
Couple counselor Aaron Beck (1988) reports that overly general language distorts how partners think about a relationship. True or False
True
Language is a primary tool that social movements use to change cultural life and meanings.True or False
True
Language organizes perceptions T/F
True
Misunderstanding is less likely when we are conscious of levels of abstraction. T or F
True
Much confusion comes from language that is extremely abstract T or F
True
Respecting what others say about their feelings and thoughts is a guideline to improve verbal communication T or F
True
Rules governing verbal communication also regulate social media. True or False
True
women sometimes feel that men's practical responses to their concerns are uncaring and insensitive. On the other hand, men may feel frustrated when women offer empathy and support instead of advice for solving problems. This is an example of an issue between gender speech communication. T/F
True
Definition, Evaluation, Organization, Hypothetical thought and self reflection are all symbolic_________________
abilities
Symbols are not concrete or tangible which means they are
abstract
The organizational quality of language allows us to think about (abstract/concrete) concepts, such as justice, integrity, and healthy family life.
abstract
Strive for Accuracy or Clarity or both?
both
Language can/can't degrade others
can
Communication reflects 3 things
cultural history, values and perspectives.
The most basic symbolic ability is
definition
Another strategy for increasing the clarity of communication is to qualify language. What two types of language should be qualified. First, we should qualify generalizations oked" is a false statement because it overgeneralizes. A more accurate statement would be "A number of politicians have been shown to be dishonest."
generalizations so that we don't mislead ourselves or others into mistaking a general statement for an absolute one.
We can contemplate things that currently have no real existence, and we can remember ourselves in the past and project ourselves into the future This is called __________________ thought
hypothetical
We might define a person as an environmentalist, a teacher, a gourmet cook, our boss, or a father. Each definition directs our attention to certain aspects of the person. We might talk with the environmentalist about wilderness legislation, discuss class assignments with the teacher, swap recipes with the chef, restrict ourselves to work topics with the boss, and exchange stories about children with the father. We tend to perceive and interact with people according to how we define them. This is an expanse of how language shapes?
perception
We tend to describe people we like with language that accents their good qualities and downplays their flaws. The reverse is true of our descriptions of people we don't like. This type of language shapes our and other's ___________________ of those people
perception
Language allows self __________________ which allows us to monitor communication and manage our image
reflection
The language we use to think about relationships affects what happens in them. This demonstrates how language shames and reflects?
relationships
One of the earliest studies showed that children's games are a primary agent of gender ___________________
socialization
A _____________ community exists when people share norms about how to use talk and what purposes it serves.
speech
"Ann is selfish," "Don is irresponsible," "Bob is generous," "Vy is dependent." Notice the work IS. These are examples of _____________ assessments.
static
_________________ is thinking in broad generalizations about a whole class of people or experiences and Language can do this
stereotyping
Home means warm and safe to some. It means small and cramped to others. The meanings of language are
subjective
arbitrary, ambiguous, abstract representations of other phenomena
symbols
Fostering new growth requires you to remember who you were at an earlier time, to appreciate progress you've made, and to keep an ideal image of the person you want to become to fuel continued self-improvement. t/f
true