Chapter 4: REVIEW

The LM at the top of this page is magnified 400 times (400x). If the ocular lens used to make this image has a magnification of 10x, what is the magnification of the objective lens?

40x

List four essential functions of epithelial tissue.

provide physical protection, control permeability, provide sensation, produce specialized secretions

What type of cells makes up almost half the volume of blood?

red blood cells

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are ...............

reticular fibers, collagen fibers, elastic fibers

Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells is open to the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably ....................

stratified

The ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands are covered by ________ epithelium.

stratified cuboidal epithelia

The epithelial tissue that covers skin is classified as ..........................

stratified squamous epithelia

Secretions through a duct might provide ________, whereas ductless secretions act as ________.

sweat , hormones

Goblet cells are classified as

unicellular exocrine glands

Transitional epithelium is found .....

urinary system

Defense cells in blood are called ......................................

white blood cells

The three kinds of formed elements in blood are

white cells, red cells, and platelets

Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?

apocrine secretion

Growth of cartilage by accumulation of matrix around chondrocytes is called ________ growth.

apositional growth

The three types of connective tissue include ...........................

connective tissue proper, fluid connective tissue, supporting connective tissue

41. Describe the two primary types of glands.

endocrine glands secrete hormones into the bloodstream while exocrine glands secrete secretions onto the surface or inner linings of organs

The reduction of friction between the parietal and visceral surfaces of an internal cavity is the function of ........................(membrane)

mucous membranes

Which type of tissue contracts to produce movements?

muscle tissue

In which of the following are the four tissue types arranged correctly from the highest to lowest percentage of body weight?

muscle tissue (50%), connective tissue (45%), epithelial tissue (3%), nervous tissue (2%)

Bone is ________ tissue.

osseous

The watery fluid component of blood is called .........................

plasma

Antibodies are produced by....................

plasma cells

Which of the following cellular structures locks the terminal webs of neighboring cells to prevent cell distortion and leakage?

adhesion belt

43. Which type of loose connective tissue contains primarily lipids?

adipose connective tissue

The three major subdivisions of extracellular fluid found in the body are

blood and lymph

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to

bone

Intercalated discs and striations are characteristic of ________ tissue.

cardiac muscle

Chondroitin sulfate is abundant in the matrix of ..................

cartilage

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?

cutaneous

48. Which of the four tissue membranes is relatively waterproof and usually dry?

cutaneous membrane

Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are

dense irregular connective tissue

29. ________ tissues combine to form body membranes that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body.

epithelial and connective

A herniated disc is an injury of the pads of cartilage between the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What type of cartilage is affected?

fibrocartilage

42. Identify the three basic components of connective tissue.

ground substance, fibers, cells

Give the term for the "study of tissues."

histology

Endocrine glands empty their products into ________ and are referred to as ________ glands, while exocrine gland secretions empty into ________ or onto surfaces.

interstitial fluid, hormone, ducts

The body's most delicate type of epithelium is the ________ epithelium.

simple squamous

The epithelial cells that are flat, thin and have one layer are called

simple squamous epithelia

49. Which type of muscle tissue regulates blood vessel diameter?

smooth muscle tissue

Identify the various types of epithelial intercellular connections.

tight junctions adhesion belts gap junctions desmosomes basal lamina reticular lamina