Chapter 4 SB

True or false: Extracellular matrix includes protein fibers, cytoplasm, and ground substance.

False

What type of connective tissue contains thick bundles of collagen that run in random directions?

Dense irregular

What type of connective tissue forms tendons that help to tightly bind bones together?

Dense regular

What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?

Epithelial

True or False: Cartilage heals slowly because is it very vascular.

False

Blood vessels in connective tissue underlying a basement membrane ______ the basement membrane to reach the epithelium.

do not penetrate

True or false: The collagenous fibers of dense irregular connective tissue are parallel and closely packed.

false

Which cell makes collagen?

fibroblast

A serous membrane is an example of an ______ membrane.

internal

The noncellular substance around cells is called the extracellular

matrix

Structures on the free surface of some epithelia that function to increase the surface area for secretion or absorption are

microvilli

What is the substance occupying the spaces between cells and fibers within connective tissue called?

Ground substance

Which is a characteristic of cartilage?

Has a perichondrium

What is the function of the basement membrane?

To guide migration during tissue repair

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Act as a barrier Secretion of substances

What are the functions of areolar tissue? Select all that apply.

Allow passage of nerves and blood vessels through other tissues Binding of epithelia to deeper tissues Provide an arena for immune defense

Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are branched, striated, uninucleated and under involuntary control?

Cardiac

What are the three types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissue?

Collagenous, reticular, and elastic

What type of fibers are found in areolar connective tissue?

Elastic Collagen

Choose the embryonic germ layers.

Endoderm Ectoderm Mesoderm

What class of tissue is capable of secretion and absorption of substances?

Epithelial tissue

Which is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?

Fever

What nervous tissue cells protect and insulate neurons?

Glia

What cell is a mucus-secreting gland cell found in the epithelia of many mucous membranes?

Goblet

Redness, heat, swelling and pain are symptoms that accompany what process?

Inflammation

Hydroxyapatite Spongy bone Compact bone Osteocyte

Inorganic portion of bone matrix Contains trabeculae Contains lamella Bone cell

Simple columnar epithelium can be found lining which organs?

Intestines Gall bladder Stomach Uterus, and uterine tubes

Indicate locations where simple cuboidal epithelium is found.

Kidney tubules Glands

Mucous membrane Serous membrane Synovial membrane

Lines cavities and tracts that open to the outside of the body Lines cavities that do not open to the exterior Lines freely movable joints

Under a microscope, you observe a tissue that consists of an open lacy network of relatively few protein fibers with widely scattered cells. What type of tissue would you be observing?

Loose connective

Which connective tissue cell secretes histamine and heparin?

Mast cells

What is the extracellular material of a tissue called?

Matrix

Which tissue comprises the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia?

Nervous

Indicate the two cell types found in nervous tissue.

Neurons Glia

What are the two criteria used to classify the different types of epithelial tissue?

Number of cell layers Shape of epithelial cells

Which of the body cavities contain serous membranes?

Pericardial cavity

Indicate the three components of extracellular matrix.

Protein fibers Ground substance Fluid

Mast cell Macrophage Adipocytes Fibroblasts Chondroblast Osteocytes Osteoclasts

Releases chemicals in response to injury Ingests foreign and injured cells Store lipids Form fibrous connective tissue Produce cartilage Maintain bone Break down bone

Where is simple squamous epithelium found?

Serous membranes of the viscera The inner lining of the heart and blood vessels Lining the air sacs of the lungs

What are the three major types of tissue membranes?

Serous, mucous, synovial

Which type of epithelium lines the stomach, intestines, gall bladder, uterus, and uterine tubes?

Simple columnar

What type of epithelium forms glands and lines most kidney tubules?

Simple cuboidal

Which type of epithelium have cilia and are located in terminal bronchioles of the lungs?

Simple cuboidal

Which type of epithelium makes up the air sacs of the lungs, inner lining of the heart and blood vessels, and serous membranes of the viscera?

Simple squamous

Simple epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium

Single layer; cells extend from basement membrane to free surface. More than one layer of cells with only the deepest layer contacting the basement membrane Single layer of cells; all cells attach to basement membrane but not all cells reach the free surface.

Which is not a type of muscle tissue?

Vascular

In replacement, ______ type of tissue develops.

a new

Cells ______ part of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.

are not

Binding of epithelia to deeper tissues and providing an arena for immune defense are functions of the loose connective tissue called ___________ tissue.

areolar

The loose connective tissue that attaches skin to underlying tissue is called ______ tissue.

areolar

The loose connective tissue that is the "loose packing" material of most organs and attaches epithelial tissue to deeper tissue is called __________ tissue.

areolar

A specialized layer that serves to anchor an epithelium to the connective tissue below it is called the _______________ membrane.

basement or basal

The fiber types that are strong and flexible but resist stretching are ___________fibers

collagen

Epithelial cells that are taller than they are wide are called ______ cells.

columnar

Storing fats is a function of a ______ tissue.

connective

Support and binding tissues together are examples of functions for ________________tissue.

connective

The three embryonic germ layers are ______________,__________________, and endoderm.

ectoderm mesoderm

Protein fibers that have the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed are __________ fibers.

elastic

The three protein fibers of connective tissue are collagen, reticular, and

elastic

What kind of protein fibers has coiled structure that allows them to stretch and recoil?

elastic

The number of cell layers and the shape of the superficial cells are two criteria used to classify _________________tissue.

epithelial

The four primary types of tissue are ______________,__________________,________________ and nervous tissues.

epithelial connective muscle or muscular

The tissue type that covers and protects surfaces, both inside and outside the body is called ______________________ tissue.

epithelium, epithelia, or epithelial

Within nervous tissue, a variety of cell types that, as a group, are called ___________________cells protect and insulate neurons.

glia, glial, or neuroglial

The support cells of the brain are

glial cells

Three types of cartilage are

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

The two molecules that form the majority of ground substance within connective tissue are

hyaluronic acid proteoglycans

Bone consists of______ cells and a matrix.

living

Areolar, adipose, and reticular are type of ______ connective tissues.

loose

The digestive tract is lined with a ______ membrane.

mucous

Goblet cells secrete

mucus

Neurons and glia are cell types of ______ tissue.

nervous

The type of tissue that comprises most of the brain is ____________ tissue.

nervous

Conducting cells of nervous tissue are ______.

neurons

The matrix of a tissue is a ______ substance.

noncellular

In regards to the presence of blood vessels, epithelial tissue is

nonvascular

The basement membrane is ______.

porous

In ______, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed.

regeneration

Name the two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue.

regeneration and replacement.

The type of connective tissue that helps to tightly bind bones together, resist stress, attach muscle to bone, and transfer muscular tension to bones is called dense ____________________ collagenous tissue

regular

Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein that form networks of fibers are called ___________ fibers.

reticular

The supportive stroma (framework) of ____________________ lymphatic organs consists of connective tissue.

reticular or loose

A membrane that lines an internal body cavity or covers the external surfaces of the viscera is called a(n) _______________ membrane

serous

An epithelium consisting of one layer of cells is classified as________________ , and an epithelium consisting of multiple layers is classified as ___________________ .

simple, stratified

Which muscle tissue is under voluntary control?

skeletal

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are fusiform, uninucleated, nonstriated and under involuntary control?

smooth

Flat epithelial cells are described as ______.

squamous

Transitional epithelium is a type of ______ epithelium.

stratified

Fibrocartilage has ______ bundles of collagen than hyaline cartilage.

thicker

Collagen type III is ______ than collagen type I.

weaker