Chapter 4 SB
True or false: Extracellular matrix includes protein fibers, cytoplasm, and ground substance.
False
What type of connective tissue contains thick bundles of collagen that run in random directions?
Dense irregular
What type of connective tissue forms tendons that help to tightly bind bones together?
Dense regular
What type of tissue covers body surfaces and lines body cavities?
Epithelial
True or False: Cartilage heals slowly because is it very vascular.
False
Blood vessels in connective tissue underlying a basement membrane ______ the basement membrane to reach the epithelium.
do not penetrate
True or false: The collagenous fibers of dense irregular connective tissue are parallel and closely packed.
false
Which cell makes collagen?
fibroblast
A serous membrane is an example of an ______ membrane.
internal
The noncellular substance around cells is called the extracellular
matrix
Structures on the free surface of some epithelia that function to increase the surface area for secretion or absorption are
microvilli
What is the substance occupying the spaces between cells and fibers within connective tissue called?
Ground substance
Which is a characteristic of cartilage?
Has a perichondrium
What is the function of the basement membrane?
To guide migration during tissue repair
What are the functions of epithelial tissue?
Act as a barrier Secretion of substances
What are the functions of areolar tissue? Select all that apply.
Allow passage of nerves and blood vessels through other tissues Binding of epithelia to deeper tissues Provide an arena for immune defense
Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are branched, striated, uninucleated and under involuntary control?
Cardiac
What are the three types of protein fibers in fibrous connective tissue?
Collagenous, reticular, and elastic
What type of fibers are found in areolar connective tissue?
Elastic Collagen
Choose the embryonic germ layers.
Endoderm Ectoderm Mesoderm
What class of tissue is capable of secretion and absorption of substances?
Epithelial tissue
Which is not a cardinal sign of inflammation?
Fever
What nervous tissue cells protect and insulate neurons?
Glia
What cell is a mucus-secreting gland cell found in the epithelia of many mucous membranes?
Goblet
Redness, heat, swelling and pain are symptoms that accompany what process?
Inflammation
Hydroxyapatite Spongy bone Compact bone Osteocyte
Inorganic portion of bone matrix Contains trabeculae Contains lamella Bone cell
Simple columnar epithelium can be found lining which organs?
Intestines Gall bladder Stomach Uterus, and uterine tubes
Indicate locations where simple cuboidal epithelium is found.
Kidney tubules Glands
Mucous membrane Serous membrane Synovial membrane
Lines cavities and tracts that open to the outside of the body Lines cavities that do not open to the exterior Lines freely movable joints
Under a microscope, you observe a tissue that consists of an open lacy network of relatively few protein fibers with widely scattered cells. What type of tissue would you be observing?
Loose connective
Which connective tissue cell secretes histamine and heparin?
Mast cells
What is the extracellular material of a tissue called?
Matrix
Which tissue comprises the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia?
Nervous
Indicate the two cell types found in nervous tissue.
Neurons Glia
What are the two criteria used to classify the different types of epithelial tissue?
Number of cell layers Shape of epithelial cells
Which of the body cavities contain serous membranes?
Pericardial cavity
Indicate the three components of extracellular matrix.
Protein fibers Ground substance Fluid
Mast cell Macrophage Adipocytes Fibroblasts Chondroblast Osteocytes Osteoclasts
Releases chemicals in response to injury Ingests foreign and injured cells Store lipids Form fibrous connective tissue Produce cartilage Maintain bone Break down bone
Where is simple squamous epithelium found?
Serous membranes of the viscera The inner lining of the heart and blood vessels Lining the air sacs of the lungs
What are the three major types of tissue membranes?
Serous, mucous, synovial
Which type of epithelium lines the stomach, intestines, gall bladder, uterus, and uterine tubes?
Simple columnar
What type of epithelium forms glands and lines most kidney tubules?
Simple cuboidal
Which type of epithelium have cilia and are located in terminal bronchioles of the lungs?
Simple cuboidal
Which type of epithelium makes up the air sacs of the lungs, inner lining of the heart and blood vessels, and serous membranes of the viscera?
Simple squamous
Simple epithelium Stratified epithelium Pseudostratified epithelium
Single layer; cells extend from basement membrane to free surface. More than one layer of cells with only the deepest layer contacting the basement membrane Single layer of cells; all cells attach to basement membrane but not all cells reach the free surface.
Which is not a type of muscle tissue?
Vascular
In replacement, ______ type of tissue develops.
a new
Cells ______ part of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.
are not
Binding of epithelia to deeper tissues and providing an arena for immune defense are functions of the loose connective tissue called ___________ tissue.
areolar
The loose connective tissue that attaches skin to underlying tissue is called ______ tissue.
areolar
The loose connective tissue that is the "loose packing" material of most organs and attaches epithelial tissue to deeper tissue is called __________ tissue.
areolar
A specialized layer that serves to anchor an epithelium to the connective tissue below it is called the _______________ membrane.
basement or basal
The fiber types that are strong and flexible but resist stretching are ___________fibers
collagen
Epithelial cells that are taller than they are wide are called ______ cells.
columnar
Storing fats is a function of a ______ tissue.
connective
Support and binding tissues together are examples of functions for ________________tissue.
connective
The three embryonic germ layers are ______________,__________________, and endoderm.
ectoderm mesoderm
Protein fibers that have the ability to return to its original shape after being stretched or compressed are __________ fibers.
elastic
The three protein fibers of connective tissue are collagen, reticular, and
elastic
What kind of protein fibers has coiled structure that allows them to stretch and recoil?
elastic
The number of cell layers and the shape of the superficial cells are two criteria used to classify _________________tissue.
epithelial
The four primary types of tissue are ______________,__________________,________________ and nervous tissues.
epithelial connective muscle or muscular
The tissue type that covers and protects surfaces, both inside and outside the body is called ______________________ tissue.
epithelium, epithelia, or epithelial
Within nervous tissue, a variety of cell types that, as a group, are called ___________________cells protect and insulate neurons.
glia, glial, or neuroglial
The support cells of the brain are
glial cells
Three types of cartilage are
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
The two molecules that form the majority of ground substance within connective tissue are
hyaluronic acid proteoglycans
Bone consists of______ cells and a matrix.
living
Areolar, adipose, and reticular are type of ______ connective tissues.
loose
The digestive tract is lined with a ______ membrane.
mucous
Goblet cells secrete
mucus
Neurons and glia are cell types of ______ tissue.
nervous
The type of tissue that comprises most of the brain is ____________ tissue.
nervous
Conducting cells of nervous tissue are ______.
neurons
The matrix of a tissue is a ______ substance.
noncellular
In regards to the presence of blood vessels, epithelial tissue is
nonvascular
The basement membrane is ______.
porous
In ______, the new cells are the same type as those that were destroyed.
regeneration
Name the two processes that result in the repair of injured tissue.
regeneration and replacement.
The type of connective tissue that helps to tightly bind bones together, resist stress, attach muscle to bone, and transfer muscular tension to bones is called dense ____________________ collagenous tissue
regular
Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoprotein that form networks of fibers are called ___________ fibers.
reticular
The supportive stroma (framework) of ____________________ lymphatic organs consists of connective tissue.
reticular or loose
A membrane that lines an internal body cavity or covers the external surfaces of the viscera is called a(n) _______________ membrane
serous
An epithelium consisting of one layer of cells is classified as________________ , and an epithelium consisting of multiple layers is classified as ___________________ .
simple, stratified
Which muscle tissue is under voluntary control?
skeletal
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Which muscle tissue is composed of cells which are fusiform, uninucleated, nonstriated and under involuntary control?
smooth
Flat epithelial cells are described as ______.
squamous
Transitional epithelium is a type of ______ epithelium.
stratified
Fibrocartilage has ______ bundles of collagen than hyaline cartilage.
thicker
Collagen type III is ______ than collagen type I.
weaker