Chapter 4 Study Guide

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Columnar

Epithelium is based on what cell shape?

Epithelial tissue

Filtration --- permitting or stopping the passage of substances through layers

Endocrine glands

Glands that do not have ducts

Exocrine glands

Glands with ducts

Cuboidal cells

Appear either rounded, square, or even somewhat pie-sliced in shape

Pseudostratified epithelia

Appear to have more than one cell layer because of the arrangements of the cell's nuclei

Connective tissue

Areolar, Adipose, Elastic cartilage, Compact bone, Hylan cartilage

Permitting the passage of substances

Oxygen is diffused through the epithelium in the lungs

Squamous

Thin, flat, scaly cells are described as ______.

Nervous tissue

Type of tissue contains cells called neurons?

Replacement

Where a new type of tissue develops that eventually produces a scar and causes loss of some tissue function

Skin, connective, muscle, blood, epithelial, nervous, bone

Which of the following are the four primary tissue types?

yellow bone marrow

fat storage and produces fat cells, cartilage, and bones

Columnar

not as good for diffusion

Simple

not good for protection but good for diffusion (secretion/absorption)

Pseudostratified

one layer that looks like multiple; often associated with mucus production

Functions of connective tissue

physical support, physical protection, transport of substances, absorption of nutrients

red bone marrow

produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Keratinocytes

protein; toughness

Skeletal muscle tissue

voluntary

Muscle tissue

widely distributed throughout the body to allow for movement of the skeleton or other tissues of the body

Skeletal muscle

long multinucleated fibers

cuboidal

okay for diffusion

Tissue

A _______ is a collection of similar cells and surrounding substances

Striated and involuntary

A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance

Nervous tissue

A network of specialized cells that monitors the internal and external environments and initiates commands through which the body reacts.

Inflammation

A swollen, painful area of the skin that is also hot and red are symptoms that accompany which process?

Stratified keratinized squamous epithelium

An epithelial tissue has multiple layers, flat and irregular cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells

Skeletal muscle

Attached to bone

Mesoderm

Blood vessels

Mesoderm

Bone

Epithelial tissue

Can be classified using the number of cell layers, and the shape of the cell at the apical surface

Nervous tissue

Composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells

Connective tissue

Diverse, abundant, and widely distributed through the body

Simple; stratified

Layers that are one cell thick are called _______ and those that are more than one cell thick are called _______.

Endoderm

Lining of the digestive tract

Smooth muscle

Moves food through digestive tract

Secreting substances

Mucous glands and the enzyme-secreting portions of the pancreas secrete their products into ducts that subsequently deliver their products to other areas of the body

Mesoderm

Muscle

Ectoderm

Nervous system

multiple layers of cells.

Stratified epithelium consists of ________.

Epithelial tissue

Protecting underlying tissue

Epithelial tissue

Secreting and absorbing substances

Permitting the passage of substances

Simple squamous epithelium allows carbon dioxide to be diffused from the blood into the lungs

Epithelial tissue

Simple squamous, Pseudostratified columnar, Simple columnar, Stratified squamous

Ectoderm

Skin

Muscle tissue

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle

Neuroglia

Support cells of the brain and spinal cord are called

Secreting substances

Sweat glands secrete their products onto epithelial surfaces of the body

Columnar cells

Tall and thin cells

Absorbing substances

The epithelial cells of the intestine absorb digested food molecules, vitamins, and ions

Protecting underlying structures

The epithelium of the oral cavity protects the underlying structures from food as it is being chewed

Acting as barriers

The epithelium of the skin is a barrier to water and reduces water loss from the body

Acting as barriers

The epithelium of the skin prevents the entry of many toxic molecules and microorganisms into the body

Extracellular matrix

The material that surrounds cells in tissue is called

Histology

The microscope study of tissues is called

Protecting underlying structures

The outermost layer of the skin (the epidermis) protects the underlying structures from the environment

into the bloodstream.

The secretion of endocrine glands are released directly ________.

Smooth muscle tissue

The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is _____.

the shape of cells and numbers of cell layers

The various types of epithelia are classified by __________.

Regeneration

Tissue repair can occur by replacing cells that were destroyed with the same type, thus restoring normal function

Smooth muscle

Uninucleate cells have tapered ends

Cardiac muscle

Uninucleate striated branched cells

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth

What are the three types of muscle tissue

Regeneration and replacement

Which two processes function in the repair of injured tissues?

Fibrocartilage

Which type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae

Dense irregular elastic tissue

Which type of connective tissue is found in between tendons and ligaments

Autopsy

a postmortem examination of the organs to determine the cause of death or to study changes caused by a disease

Stratified

better for protection but not as good for diffusion

Fluid connective tissue

blood

Fibroblasts

cells that form protein fibers in connective tissue proper are _____.

Transitional

changes shape; alter shape of organs

Supporting connective tissue

compact bone, hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

Epithelial tissue

covers surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities

Connective tissue proper

dense irregular, reticular, dense regular, areolar

Nonvascular

diffusion from surrounding tissues provides nutrients

Epithelial tissue

forms the surface layer of the body, lines the body cavities, hollow organs and structures, and constitutes most gland tissue

cell surfaces

free/lateral/basal

Adipose tissue

functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage

Smooth muscle

hollow organs and blood vessels

Smooth & Cardiac muscle tissue

involuntary

Skeletal muscle

moves the body

goblet cells

mucus; found in columnar epithelial tissues

Nervous tissue

nervous

Cardiac muscle

pumps blood

Cell division

replace cells through mitosis

Biopsy

the process of removing tissue samples from patients surgically or with a needle for diagnostic purposes

Squamosal

thin for diffusion but stack lots of layers for protection


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