Chapter 4 Study Guide
Columnar
Epithelium is based on what cell shape?
Epithelial tissue
Filtration --- permitting or stopping the passage of substances through layers
Endocrine glands
Glands that do not have ducts
Exocrine glands
Glands with ducts
Cuboidal cells
Appear either rounded, square, or even somewhat pie-sliced in shape
Pseudostratified epithelia
Appear to have more than one cell layer because of the arrangements of the cell's nuclei
Connective tissue
Areolar, Adipose, Elastic cartilage, Compact bone, Hylan cartilage
Permitting the passage of substances
Oxygen is diffused through the epithelium in the lungs
Squamous
Thin, flat, scaly cells are described as ______.
Nervous tissue
Type of tissue contains cells called neurons?
Replacement
Where a new type of tissue develops that eventually produces a scar and causes loss of some tissue function
Skin, connective, muscle, blood, epithelial, nervous, bone
Which of the following are the four primary tissue types?
yellow bone marrow
fat storage and produces fat cells, cartilage, and bones
Columnar
not as good for diffusion
Simple
not good for protection but good for diffusion (secretion/absorption)
Pseudostratified
one layer that looks like multiple; often associated with mucus production
Functions of connective tissue
physical support, physical protection, transport of substances, absorption of nutrients
red bone marrow
produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Keratinocytes
protein; toughness
Skeletal muscle tissue
voluntary
Muscle tissue
widely distributed throughout the body to allow for movement of the skeleton or other tissues of the body
Skeletal muscle
long multinucleated fibers
cuboidal
okay for diffusion
Tissue
A _______ is a collection of similar cells and surrounding substances
Striated and involuntary
A muscle that is not consciously controlled and has a banded appearance
Nervous tissue
A network of specialized cells that monitors the internal and external environments and initiates commands through which the body reacts.
Inflammation
A swollen, painful area of the skin that is also hot and red are symptoms that accompany which process?
Stratified keratinized squamous epithelium
An epithelial tissue has multiple layers, flat and irregular cell shape, dead outer layers of cells, and keratin present in some cells
Skeletal muscle
Attached to bone
Mesoderm
Blood vessels
Mesoderm
Bone
Epithelial tissue
Can be classified using the number of cell layers, and the shape of the cell at the apical surface
Nervous tissue
Composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells
Connective tissue
Diverse, abundant, and widely distributed through the body
Simple; stratified
Layers that are one cell thick are called _______ and those that are more than one cell thick are called _______.
Endoderm
Lining of the digestive tract
Smooth muscle
Moves food through digestive tract
Secreting substances
Mucous glands and the enzyme-secreting portions of the pancreas secrete their products into ducts that subsequently deliver their products to other areas of the body
Mesoderm
Muscle
Ectoderm
Nervous system
multiple layers of cells.
Stratified epithelium consists of ________.
Epithelial tissue
Protecting underlying tissue
Epithelial tissue
Secreting and absorbing substances
Permitting the passage of substances
Simple squamous epithelium allows carbon dioxide to be diffused from the blood into the lungs
Epithelial tissue
Simple squamous, Pseudostratified columnar, Simple columnar, Stratified squamous
Ectoderm
Skin
Muscle tissue
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle
Neuroglia
Support cells of the brain and spinal cord are called
Secreting substances
Sweat glands secrete their products onto epithelial surfaces of the body
Columnar cells
Tall and thin cells
Absorbing substances
The epithelial cells of the intestine absorb digested food molecules, vitamins, and ions
Protecting underlying structures
The epithelium of the oral cavity protects the underlying structures from food as it is being chewed
Acting as barriers
The epithelium of the skin is a barrier to water and reduces water loss from the body
Acting as barriers
The epithelium of the skin prevents the entry of many toxic molecules and microorganisms into the body
Extracellular matrix
The material that surrounds cells in tissue is called
Histology
The microscope study of tissues is called
Protecting underlying structures
The outermost layer of the skin (the epidermis) protects the underlying structures from the environment
into the bloodstream.
The secretion of endocrine glands are released directly ________.
Smooth muscle tissue
The type of muscle found in the walls of blood vessels is _____.
the shape of cells and numbers of cell layers
The various types of epithelia are classified by __________.
Regeneration
Tissue repair can occur by replacing cells that were destroyed with the same type, thus restoring normal function
Smooth muscle
Uninucleate cells have tapered ends
Cardiac muscle
Uninucleate striated branched cells
Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth
What are the three types of muscle tissue
Regeneration and replacement
Which two processes function in the repair of injured tissues?
Fibrocartilage
Which type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae
Dense irregular elastic tissue
Which type of connective tissue is found in between tendons and ligaments
Autopsy
a postmortem examination of the organs to determine the cause of death or to study changes caused by a disease
Stratified
better for protection but not as good for diffusion
Fluid connective tissue
blood
Fibroblasts
cells that form protein fibers in connective tissue proper are _____.
Transitional
changes shape; alter shape of organs
Supporting connective tissue
compact bone, hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage
Epithelial tissue
covers surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities
Connective tissue proper
dense irregular, reticular, dense regular, areolar
Nonvascular
diffusion from surrounding tissues provides nutrients
Epithelial tissue
forms the surface layer of the body, lines the body cavities, hollow organs and structures, and constitutes most gland tissue
cell surfaces
free/lateral/basal
Adipose tissue
functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage
Smooth muscle
hollow organs and blood vessels
Smooth & Cardiac muscle tissue
involuntary
Skeletal muscle
moves the body
goblet cells
mucus; found in columnar epithelial tissues
Nervous tissue
nervous
Cardiac muscle
pumps blood
Cell division
replace cells through mitosis
Biopsy
the process of removing tissue samples from patients surgically or with a needle for diagnostic purposes
Squamosal
thin for diffusion but stack lots of layers for protection