Chapter 4

The majority of Christians live in Europe and the Americas. However, Christianity is rapidly growing in ______.

Africa

The religion where followers try to achieve nirvana or spiritual enlightenment is _____.

Buddhism

What ethical system was the official ethical system of China until the communist revolution and emphasizes taking the right actions to attain salvation?

Confucianism

The religion where followers believe in reincarnation and karma is

Hinduism.

What are three principles of social stratification? (Check all that apply.)

It carries over to the next generation. It involves beliefs as well as inequality, It is generally universal.

How has social media affected group life?

It has emphasized the idea of an extended social group.

What are the four dimensions originally identified by Hofstede?

Masculinity vs femininity Uncertainty avoidance Power distance Individualism vs collectivism

______ join the political entity of a state to the cultural entity of a nation.

Nation-states

What are three examples of the "hidden curriculum" of schools? (Check all that apply.)

Obedience to authority Respect for others Dealing with competition

The two major Christian organizations are

Orthodox Church Roman Catholic

What are three of the determinants of culture? (Check all that apply.)

Political philosophy Social structure Economic philosophy

______ is/are something that one believes in that is concerned with the sacred and follows with some measure of devotion.

Religion

True or false: Education provides a competitive economic advantage through the creation of a pool of skilled and educated workers.

T

True or False: While religion can influence the values and norms of society, the values and norms of society can also impact religion.

True

True or false: Economic advancement and globalization may be important factors in societal change.

True

According to the tenets of Islam, the objective of life is to fulfill the dictates of God in hopes of achieving

admission to paradise.

Buddhism has all the same basic beliefs as Hinduism except for which two of the following?

advocacy in extreme ascetic behavior. support for the caste system.

As countries get richer, we often see a shift ______ traditional values (such as staying married and obeying one's parents) and ______ secular rational values (including abortion and divorce).

away from; toward

Understanding how cultural differences across and within nations affect the way business is practiced is known as ______ literacy.

cross-cultural

Energy Resources Ltd. does business in 50 countries around the world. The company stresses to all employees the importance of understanding the prevailing culture in the countries that they are doing business in. In other words, the company is aware of the importance of

cross-cultural literacy.

A system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and that when taken together constitute a design for living is called

culture

Hofstede studied how ______ relates to values in the workplace.

culture

The system of values and norms that are shared among a group of people and when considered as a whole represent a design for living is called

culture.

Hindus believe in ______, the behaviors and responsibilities governing individual conduct.

dharma

Monica asked her manager if appropriate dress for the meeting was business casual or traditional business. Monica is inquiring about the ______ associated with the meeting.

folkway

Kate's grandmother was born in Belgium and she says she is Flemish. Anne's grandmother was also born in Belgium and she says she is French. In some areas of Belgium, all signs are in French and are not possible to read unless you know the French language. The same is true for other areas with all signs in Flemish. What is creating the divide between these two cultures?

language

Confucianism values harmonious relationships, which are based on moral and ethical conduct and ______.

loyalty to others

Islam is a ______ religion, believing in one true God.

monotheistic

Unspoken language is another way to describe ______ communication.

nonverbal

The set of shared beliefs followed by Catholics and those of the Jewish faith represent their individual _____.

religions

All societies are divided on a hierarchical basis into social categories called social _____.

strata

The basic social organization of a society is called its social _____.

structure

Western society values _______ over ______.

individuals; groups

There _____ a strict one-to-one relationship between one culture and a nation-state

is not

Alex considers himself a "true French Canadian" and agrees with political activists who think there should be a separation from English speaking citizens who are dominating certain provinces. What seems to be the cause of this division in Canada?

language

The routine conventions of living, thinking and acting in a group are called ______.

folkways

What are two examples of nonverbal communication?

giving a thumbs up sign to indicate you agree with a statement standing an appropriate distance from a colleague during a conversation

Stephen usually eats lunch with three of his co-workers and on the weekends he gets together with his college friends. The people Stephen interacts with represent two types of _____.

groups