chapter 44-48
Ovarian hyperstimulation
Demonstrates enlarged ovaries with multiple cyst, abdominal ascites, and pleural effusion.
1950s
Diagnostic ultrasound has been in use since late in which decade ?
uterine fundus
During in vitro fertilization the optimal placement of the embryos is considered to be within 2 cm of apex of which one of the following structures ?
Tuboovarian abscess
A 24yr old women has a fever , vaginal discharge , and intense pelvic pain Transabdominal and Transvag images show complex miltilocated irregular mass in the ouch of Douglas . This represent ?
Endometrioma "Chocolate Cyst"
A 25 yr old complains of painful menstrual cycles and infertility . Transabdominal and transvag images show hypoechoic well defined adnexal mass. Normal ovaries are seen bilaterally . This represents ?
Society of diagnostic medical sonographers
A code of ethics for sonographers has been adopted by which one of the following ?
pyosalpinx
A complex adnexal mass most likely represents ?
1;3
A dominant follicle grows at a rate of __to __ mm per day (mm/day)
Uterine synechiae
A hyperechoic linear strand of tissue extending from one wall of the uterine cavity to the other describes ?
Endometrioma
A hypoechoic mass adjacent to the ovary is most likely which one of the following ?
Thick with irregular walls and septations
A mucinous cystadenoma is all of the following except ?
12 to 14 mm
A normal endometrial response associated with overstimulation is an increasing thickness between 2to 3 mm and _ mm
Complex culdesac mass that distorts the pelvic anatomy
A pelvic abscess is will likely appear as ?
Not staying in one spot
A sonogrpaher can minimize thermal effects by which of the following ?
Demonstrating an ipislateral ovary separate form the cysts
A specific diagnosis of a paraovarian cyst is possible only by :
Dermoid
A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvic is which one of the following masses ?
Nonmaleficence
ALARA is an example of which one of the following ethical principles ?
integrity
Adherence to moral and ethical principles is ?
Corpus luteum
After ovulation, progesterone is secretes by which one of the following?
Hydrosalpinx
An asymptomatic 32year old women is diagnosed with a. Left adnexal mass on physical examination . A history of PID had been reported . Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate an anechoic tubular structure in the left lower quadrant . What would the finding represent ?
Turbo ovarian abscess ( TOA)
An infection that involves the Fallopian tubes and the ovary
Twice
An ovary is her generally considered abnormal if it's volume is __ the size of the contralateral ovary
65%
Approx _% of all pregnant women in the US ARE EXAMINED with sonography
Muscle tone
Biophysical evaluation for fetal well being includes all of the following except : ( fetal tone , body and breathing movements, assessment of amniotic fluid )
Fever and dull pelvic aching
Clinical symptoms of PID may include ?
Cervical stenosis
Complications associated with assisted reproductive technologies include all of the following except ?
Rounded
In prosthetic ovaries have which one of the following shapes ?
Progesterone
In the luteal phase the endometrial lining may be thinner than expected from an inadequate level of which of the following ?
Sylvian fissure
In the second trimester , guidelines recommend images of the fetal head include all of the following except ?
Salpingitis
Infection in the Fallopian tubes is called ?
Parametritis
Infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligaments
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera is ??
2to 4 wks (3 weeks)
Interval fetal growth may be determined by sonographic measurements __wks
Decreases patient costs
Interventional pelvic sonography accomplishes what ?
Cardiac motion
Is usally seen when the embryo is 7mm or greater in length
Luteal phase deficiency
Lack of progesterone production is known as ?
To answer a specific clinical question
Limited OB ultrasound examinations are ordered for which one of the following ?
STD (sexually transmitted disease)
Most common cause of PID ?
gonorrhea and chlamydia
Most common forms of infections with PID
40 years
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma most frequently occurs in women over the age of ?
30%
Multiple gestations occur in approx. __% of invitro fertilization (IVF)
Muscle tone
OB ultrasound allows the clinician to asses all of the following except ? (Development , growth , wellbeing )
15mm
On a baseline pelvic ultrasound, an ovarian cyst greater than __mm could interfere with ovarian stimulation.
Placenta previa
On transabdominal imaging , an overdistended bladder may give a false impression of which one of the following ?
Pelvis
Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage 2 is limited to which one of the following ?
10 mm (1cm)
Ovarian induction therapy requires documentations of all follicles greater than __ in both longitudinal and transverse planes .
Endometriosis
PID is an inclusive term that refers to all of the following pelvic infections except ?
Heterotopic
Patients who undergo assisted reproduction procedures have an increased risk factor for a(n) ___ pregnancy
Fritz Hugh curtis
Perihepatic inflammation ascending from the pelvic infection is ?
String of pearls
Polycystic appearing ovary typically presents as a round ovary with multiple small immature follicles on the periphery .
polycystic ovarian syndrome
Producing more luteinizing Hormone (LH) than follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) results in which one of the following conditions ?
Bulimia
Pt with POS may have the clinical triad of all of the following except ?
Single sexual partner
Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory diease( PID) include all of the following except :? - early sexual contact , sexually trasmeiited dieasd , iud
Mucosa
Sexually transmitted PID is spread via ____.
Complex mass
Simple cyst that hemorrhages may appear as ?
5 cm
Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than _ cm
Posterior shadowing
Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all of the following except?:
Endometriosis
Sonographic findings of PID include all of the following except ? (Pathway includes endometritis, periovarian inflammation , salpingitis ) not .....
autonomy and justice
THe ethical principles that determine the timing of a routine sonographic examination is (are) which of the following ?
Patency
The Fallopian tubes are evaluated by a sonographic and saline examination to determine what ?
homogeneous echotexture
The Normal ovary exhibits which one of the following characteristics appearance ?
In utero exposure to diethylstibestrol (DES)
The Tshaped uterus is a congenital anomaly caused by ?
Fetal kidneys
The abdominal circumference on a transverse view is measured at the level of all of the following except ?
10 days
The dates established by sonography examinations performed in the second trimester typically take precedence over the menstrual age when the decrepancy is greater than ___days
Tip of the iceberg
The dermoid tumor is typically associated with which one of the following ultrasound signs ?
hydrosalpinx
The differential consideration of a solid - appearing adnexal mass include all of the following except ?
Serous cystadenoma
The differential considerations of PID may include all of the following except ?
all of the above
The major biologic effects of ultrasound are beloved to be which of the following ? (Thermal , production and collapse of gas filled bubbles , and cavitation)
crown rump length
The most accurate measurement of gestational age during the first trimester is ?
Corpus luteal
The most common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is which one of the following cysts ?
Dermoid
The most common benign tumor of the ovary is which one of the following masses?
broad ligaments
The paraovarvian cysts arise form which one of the following structures ?
Ovarian torsion
The partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis is defined as which one of the following ?
All of the above
The purpose for certification in diagnostic sonography is to assure the public that .......(the sonographer has the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to perform the examination ) .
13 and 26
The second trimester is between ___ gestational weeks .
autonomy
The sonographer who provides a detailed explanation of the examination is an example of respecting the PT's ___?
Endometrium (proliferative phase )
The triple line sign is associated with ?
Septate
The uterine anantomy most frequently associated with a high incidence of infertility is a ___ uterus
human chronic gonadotropin
Theca lutein cysts are associated with high levels of which one of the following ?
Veracity
Truthfullness in respect to ability and limitations is ?
Exact date of delivery
Ultrasound is able to determine all of the following except ?
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Used as a substitute for LH to trigger ovulation
PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)
Usually found as a bilateral collection of fluid and PID within pelvic cavity .
Primum non nocere
Western medicine uses which one of the following principles to know what is in the clinical interest of the PT ? ( first do not harm )
endometrium
When evaluating the patient who is infertile , in addition to assessing structural anantomy , the sonographer should evaluate ?
family traditions
Which is not an ethical issue ?
Studies on the bio effects of ultrasound are not definitive
Which of the following is true regarding ultrasound safety ?
PID confers a decreased risk for ectopic pregnancy
Which of the following statements about PID Is false ?
Morality
Which of the following terms means matter that concern right and wrong conduct ?
Autonomy
Which one of the following Principles describes the right of self determination ?
Follicular
Which one of the following cysts occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating but remain active although immature ?
Confidentiality
Which one of the following describes the duty of a health care professional to protect the privacy of patient info?
Nuremberg code
Which one of the following emphasizes individual rights and autonomy ?
polycystic ovary syndrome
Which one of the following endocrine disorders is associated with chronic annovulation ?
Beneficence
Which one of the following goals seeks a greater balance of clinical "goods" over clinical "harms "
Estradiol
Which one of the following hormones and follicle size determine the approx. time of ovulation ?
Suffering
Which one of the following is a psychologic phenomenon involving blocked intentions, plans , and projects ?
Ethics
Which one of the following is the discipline that seeks to articulate clear and practical guidelines for conduct and character ?
Pain
Which one of the following is the physiologic phenomenon involving the central nervous system processing tissue damage ?
Thecoma
Which one of the following masses is a rare but benign ovarian neoplasm more often seen in postmenopausal women ?
Ovaries
Which one of the following pelvic organs is more commonly involved with metastatic disease?
Ovary
Which one of the following pelvic organs is more involved with metastatic disease ?
Nonmaleficence
Which one of the following principles directs the sonographer not to cause harm ?
Justice
Which one of the following principles is served when protocols are standardized ?
Integrity
Which one of the following refers to honesty
The tube is best seen transabdominally
Which one of the following statements about Fallopian tubes is false ? - the normal lumen is not usually visualized , it's easier if Pus is in the tubes , ascites is helpful to outline
Measure the femur length on the femur farthest from the transducer
Which one of the following statements about determining fetal age is false ?
Blood test should be positive 7 to 10 hrs after conception
Which one of the following statements about gestational sac is false ?
Early in the development phase, the heart rate is 190 bpm it is 90 bpm
Which one of the following statements about he embryo heart rate is false ?
Infertility affects one in 3 couples in the US (It affects 1/7 couples)
Which one of the following statements about infertility is false ?
The left ovary is three times more likely to develop torsion than the right
Which one of the following statements about ovarian torsion is false ?
PCOS occurs in the middle- to late 30s
Which one of the following statements about pcos is false ?
In the 1st trimester , fluid is produced by the placenta
Which one of the following statements about the amniotic fluid development is true ?
Endometrial polyp
Which one of the following tends to have a narrow base attachment to the endometrium with a. Vascular pedicle feeding it. ?
Morality
Which one of the following terms describe the kind of person we should become and the virtues we should cultivate in doing so ?
Autonomy
Which one of the following terms refers to a person's capacity to formulate , express, and carry out value-based preference ?
Nonmaleficence
Which one requires the sonographer to read current medical literature to stay abreast new developments related to pt safety ?
Endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography
Which statements about diffuse endometriosis is false ?
Not in the best interest of the PT
Why is disclosure of abnormal finding by the sonographer inappropriate ?
autonomy
informed consent is an ____. - based right
pyosalpinx
pus in the Fallopian tube and seems as a complex mass
Functional bowel disease
Early in the disease , the clinical presentation of not PID and endometriosis may mimic which one of the following ?
Beneficence
Encourages sonographer to exceed the minimum standards of protocol and seek additional pt images as needed ?
6
Endometrial thickness of at least ______ mm is necessary for achieving pregnancy
Peri-ovarian inflammation
Enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts and indistinct margins is ?
6;27
Even with a known Menstrual date, conception may occur from day __ to day __
18 weeks gestation
Fetal anatomy may be adequately assessed after __wks gestation
Beneficience
Fetal interest I sonography as understood exclusively in terms of _ ?
With a Valid medical reason
Fetal sonography with or without Doppler should be performed ..
Endometriosis
Fuctioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus in which of the following common conditions ?
Tubo ovarian complex
Fusion in the inflamed dilated tube and ovary
