chapter 44-48

Ovarian hyperstimulation

Demonstrates enlarged ovaries with multiple cyst, abdominal ascites, and pleural effusion.

1950s

Diagnostic ultrasound has been in use since late in which decade ?

uterine fundus

During in vitro fertilization the optimal placement of the embryos is considered to be within 2 cm of apex of which one of the following structures ?

Tuboovarian abscess

A 24yr old women has a fever , vaginal discharge , and intense pelvic pain Transabdominal and Transvag images show complex miltilocated irregular mass in the ouch of Douglas . This represent ?

Endometrioma "Chocolate Cyst"

A 25 yr old complains of painful menstrual cycles and infertility . Transabdominal and transvag images show hypoechoic well defined adnexal mass. Normal ovaries are seen bilaterally . This represents ?

Society of diagnostic medical sonographers

A code of ethics for sonographers has been adopted by which one of the following ?

pyosalpinx

A complex adnexal mass most likely represents ?

1;3

A dominant follicle grows at a rate of __to __ mm per day (mm/day)

Uterine synechiae

A hyperechoic linear strand of tissue extending from one wall of the uterine cavity to the other describes ?

Endometrioma

A hypoechoic mass adjacent to the ovary is most likely which one of the following ?

Thick with irregular walls and septations

A mucinous cystadenoma is all of the following except ?

12 to 14 mm

A normal endometrial response associated with overstimulation is an increasing thickness between 2to 3 mm and _ mm

Complex culdesac mass that distorts the pelvic anatomy

A pelvic abscess is will likely appear as ?

Not staying in one spot

A sonogrpaher can minimize thermal effects by which of the following ?

Demonstrating an ipislateral ovary separate form the cysts

A specific diagnosis of a paraovarian cyst is possible only by :

Dermoid

A tumor that may mimic gas or feces in the pelvic is which one of the following masses ?

Nonmaleficence

ALARA is an example of which one of the following ethical principles ?

integrity

Adherence to moral and ethical principles is ?

Corpus luteum

After ovulation, progesterone is secretes by which one of the following?

Hydrosalpinx

An asymptomatic 32year old women is diagnosed with a. Left adnexal mass on physical examination . A history of PID had been reported . Transabdominal and transvaginal images demonstrate an anechoic tubular structure in the left lower quadrant . What would the finding represent ?

Turbo ovarian abscess ( TOA)

An infection that involves the Fallopian tubes and the ovary

Twice

An ovary is her generally considered abnormal if it's volume is __ the size of the contralateral ovary

65%

Approx _% of all pregnant women in the US ARE EXAMINED with sonography

Muscle tone

Biophysical evaluation for fetal well being includes all of the following except : ( fetal tone , body and breathing movements, assessment of amniotic fluid )

Fever and dull pelvic aching

Clinical symptoms of PID may include ?

Cervical stenosis

Complications associated with assisted reproductive technologies include all of the following except ?

Rounded

In prosthetic ovaries have which one of the following shapes ?

Progesterone

In the luteal phase the endometrial lining may be thinner than expected from an inadequate level of which of the following ?

Sylvian fissure

In the second trimester , guidelines recommend images of the fetal head include all of the following except ?

Salpingitis

Infection in the Fallopian tubes is called ?

Parametritis

Infection within the uterine serosa and broad ligaments

Peritonitis

Inflammation of the serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the viscera is ??

2to 4 wks (3 weeks)

Interval fetal growth may be determined by sonographic measurements __wks

Decreases patient costs

Interventional pelvic sonography accomplishes what ?

Cardiac motion

Is usally seen when the embryo is 7mm or greater in length

Luteal phase deficiency

Lack of progesterone production is known as ?

To answer a specific clinical question

Limited OB ultrasound examinations are ordered for which one of the following ?

STD (sexually transmitted disease)

Most common cause of PID ?

gonorrhea and chlamydia

Most common forms of infections with PID

40 years

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma most frequently occurs in women over the age of ?

30%

Multiple gestations occur in approx. __% of invitro fertilization (IVF)

Muscle tone

OB ultrasound allows the clinician to asses all of the following except ? (Development , growth , wellbeing )

15mm

On a baseline pelvic ultrasound, an ovarian cyst greater than __mm could interfere with ovarian stimulation.

Placenta previa

On transabdominal imaging , an overdistended bladder may give a false impression of which one of the following ?

Pelvis

Ovarian carcinoma is classified into four stages. Stage 2 is limited to which one of the following ?

10 mm (1cm)

Ovarian induction therapy requires documentations of all follicles greater than __ in both longitudinal and transverse planes .

Endometriosis

PID is an inclusive term that refers to all of the following pelvic infections except ?

Heterotopic

Patients who undergo assisted reproduction procedures have an increased risk factor for a(n) ___ pregnancy

Fritz Hugh curtis

Perihepatic inflammation ascending from the pelvic infection is ?

String of pearls

Polycystic appearing ovary typically presents as a round ovary with multiple small immature follicles on the periphery .

polycystic ovarian syndrome

Producing more luteinizing Hormone (LH) than follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) results in which one of the following conditions ?

Bulimia

Pt with POS may have the clinical triad of all of the following except ?

Single sexual partner

Risk factors in pelvic inflammatory diease( PID) include all of the following except :? - early sexual contact , sexually trasmeiited dieasd , iud

Mucosa

Sexually transmitted PID is spread via ____.

Complex mass

Simple cyst that hemorrhages may appear as ?

5 cm

Simple ovarian cysts in postmenopausal women are not likely malignant when measuring less than _ cm

Posterior shadowing

Sonographic criteria for a simple ovarian cyst include all of the following except?:

Endometriosis

Sonographic findings of PID include all of the following except ? (Pathway includes endometritis, periovarian inflammation , salpingitis ) not .....

autonomy and justice

THe ethical principles that determine the timing of a routine sonographic examination is (are) which of the following ?

Patency

The Fallopian tubes are evaluated by a sonographic and saline examination to determine what ?

homogeneous echotexture

The Normal ovary exhibits which one of the following characteristics appearance ?

In utero exposure to diethylstibestrol (DES)

The Tshaped uterus is a congenital anomaly caused by ?

Fetal kidneys

The abdominal circumference on a transverse view is measured at the level of all of the following except ?

10 days

The dates established by sonography examinations performed in the second trimester typically take precedence over the menstrual age when the decrepancy is greater than ___days

Tip of the iceberg

The dermoid tumor is typically associated with which one of the following ultrasound signs ?

hydrosalpinx

The differential consideration of a solid - appearing adnexal mass include all of the following except ?

Serous cystadenoma

The differential considerations of PID may include all of the following except ?

all of the above

The major biologic effects of ultrasound are beloved to be which of the following ? (Thermal , production and collapse of gas filled bubbles , and cavitation)

crown rump length

The most accurate measurement of gestational age during the first trimester is ?

Corpus luteal

The most common adnexal mass found during early pregnancy is which one of the following cysts ?

Dermoid

The most common benign tumor of the ovary is which one of the following masses?

broad ligaments

The paraovarvian cysts arise form which one of the following structures ?

Ovarian torsion

The partial or complete rotation of the ovarian pedicle on its axis is defined as which one of the following ?

All of the above

The purpose for certification in diagnostic sonography is to assure the public that .......(the sonographer has the necessary knowledge, skills, and experience to perform the examination ) .

13 and 26

The second trimester is between ___ gestational weeks .

autonomy

The sonographer who provides a detailed explanation of the examination is an example of respecting the PT's ___?

Endometrium (proliferative phase )

The triple line sign is associated with ?

Septate

The uterine anantomy most frequently associated with a high incidence of infertility is a ___ uterus

human chronic gonadotropin

Theca lutein cysts are associated with high levels of which one of the following ?

Veracity

Truthfullness in respect to ability and limitations is ?

Exact date of delivery

Ultrasound is able to determine all of the following except ?

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Used as a substitute for LH to trigger ovulation

PID (pelvic inflammatory disease)

Usually found as a bilateral collection of fluid and PID within pelvic cavity .

Primum non nocere

Western medicine uses which one of the following principles to know what is in the clinical interest of the PT ? ( first do not harm )

endometrium

When evaluating the patient who is infertile , in addition to assessing structural anantomy , the sonographer should evaluate ?

family traditions

Which is not an ethical issue ?

Studies on the bio effects of ultrasound are not definitive

Which of the following is true regarding ultrasound safety ?

PID confers a decreased risk for ectopic pregnancy

Which of the following statements about PID Is false ?

Morality

Which of the following terms means matter that concern right and wrong conduct ?

Autonomy

Which one of the following Principles describes the right of self determination ?

Follicular

Which one of the following cysts occurs when a dominant follicle does not succeed in ovulating but remain active although immature ?

Confidentiality

Which one of the following describes the duty of a health care professional to protect the privacy of patient info?

Nuremberg code

Which one of the following emphasizes individual rights and autonomy ?

polycystic ovary syndrome

Which one of the following endocrine disorders is associated with chronic annovulation ?

Beneficence

Which one of the following goals seeks a greater balance of clinical "goods" over clinical "harms "

Estradiol

Which one of the following hormones and follicle size determine the approx. time of ovulation ?

Suffering

Which one of the following is a psychologic phenomenon involving blocked intentions, plans , and projects ?

Ethics

Which one of the following is the discipline that seeks to articulate clear and practical guidelines for conduct and character ?

Pain

Which one of the following is the physiologic phenomenon involving the central nervous system processing tissue damage ?

Thecoma

Which one of the following masses is a rare but benign ovarian neoplasm more often seen in postmenopausal women ?

Ovaries

Which one of the following pelvic organs is more commonly involved with metastatic disease?

Ovary

Which one of the following pelvic organs is more involved with metastatic disease ?

Nonmaleficence

Which one of the following principles directs the sonographer not to cause harm ?

Justice

Which one of the following principles is served when protocols are standardized ?

Integrity

Which one of the following refers to honesty

The tube is best seen transabdominally

Which one of the following statements about Fallopian tubes is false ? - the normal lumen is not usually visualized , it's easier if Pus is in the tubes , ascites is helpful to outline

Measure the femur length on the femur farthest from the transducer

Which one of the following statements about determining fetal age is false ?

Blood test should be positive 7 to 10 hrs after conception

Which one of the following statements about gestational sac is false ?

Early in the development phase, the heart rate is 190 bpm it is 90 bpm

Which one of the following statements about he embryo heart rate is false ?

Infertility affects one in 3 couples in the US (It affects 1/7 couples)

Which one of the following statements about infertility is false ?

The left ovary is three times more likely to develop torsion than the right

Which one of the following statements about ovarian torsion is false ?

PCOS occurs in the middle- to late 30s

Which one of the following statements about pcos is false ?

In the 1st trimester , fluid is produced by the placenta

Which one of the following statements about the amniotic fluid development is true ?

Endometrial polyp

Which one of the following tends to have a narrow base attachment to the endometrium with a. Vascular pedicle feeding it. ?

Morality

Which one of the following terms describe the kind of person we should become and the virtues we should cultivate in doing so ?

Autonomy

Which one of the following terms refers to a person's capacity to formulate , express, and carry out value-based preference ?

Nonmaleficence

Which one requires the sonographer to read current medical literature to stay abreast new developments related to pt safety ?

Endometriosis is easily diagnosed by sonography

Which statements about diffuse endometriosis is false ?

Not in the best interest of the PT

Why is disclosure of abnormal finding by the sonographer inappropriate ?

autonomy

informed consent is an ____. - based right

pyosalpinx

pus in the Fallopian tube and seems as a complex mass

Functional bowel disease

Early in the disease , the clinical presentation of not PID and endometriosis may mimic which one of the following ?

Beneficence

Encourages sonographer to exceed the minimum standards of protocol and seek additional pt images as needed ?

6

Endometrial thickness of at least ______ mm is necessary for achieving pregnancy

Peri-ovarian inflammation

Enlarged ovaries with multiple cysts and indistinct margins is ?

6;27

Even with a known Menstrual date, conception may occur from day __ to day __

18 weeks gestation

Fetal anatomy may be adequately assessed after __wks gestation

Beneficience

Fetal interest I sonography as understood exclusively in terms of _ ?

With a Valid medical reason

Fetal sonography with or without Doppler should be performed ..

Endometriosis

Fuctioning endometrial tissue is present outside of the uterus in which of the following common conditions ?

Tubo ovarian complex

Fusion in the inflamed dilated tube and ovary