Chapter 5

Streaming

Play video directly from the internet

MOV

(Apple Quicktime Movie) is a video format developed by Apple for their Quicktime video player. The format is known for having high compression while maintaining quality.

Functions

(SUM, AVERAGE, etc.)

SQL

(Structured Query Language) is a popular language to run operations on databases. SQL became a standardized language in 1986 and is used in a number of DBMS' such as Oracle Database and Microsoft Access.

WMV

(Windows Media Video) is a video format developed by Microsoft for streaming video via the Internet. File sizes are typically small but quality may be poor. A special player may be needed for viewing on non-Windows devices.

Flash Video

(file suffix .flv or .f4v) is a video format primarily designed to play in Adobe's Flash Player. Flash video is popular today in part due to wide use by YouTube.

What do relational databases contain?

-Field (column): Basic unit of data stored -Record (row): A group of related fields -Primary key: A record's unique identifier -Table: Collection of related data

What are filename extensions such as?

.ppt, .pptx, .odp, or .key.

What are three types of tools presentation apps typically contain?

1)Editing tools enable users to add static elements such as slides, formatted text, figures, and graphics. 2)Animation tools give movement to static elements. Users specify a timed list of animation effects such as appearing, disappearing, or changes in position within the slide. 3)Presentation tools display the completed slideshow, typically by connecting a cable to a projector that displays on a large screen.

What are some operations of a DBMS?

Adding new data Editing existing data Deleting data Querying the database for information.

AVI

Audio Video Interleave is one of the oldest video formats, developed by Microsoft in 1992. Widely supported, but compression and video quality may not be as good as others.

After previous

Automatically executes the effect once the previous animation effect is completed.

Quicktime or Windows Media

Built in video player app. Can sometimes save a video file in different formats, such as MOV, or MP4.

Fly in

Causes an object to appear beyond the slides margin to the original location.

Fade in

Causes an object to gradually appear.

Data

Collection of facts and values. Ex: 23, 35 48

DRM

Digital Rights Managements. to discourage unauthorized copying.

A computer stores audio as a ______?

Digital signal, meaning a series of numbers

With Previous

Executes the animation with the previous effect, grouping animation actions together into a single effect.

Each image in a video is known as a ______?

Frame

The number of frames per second (FPS)

Frame rate

Google Docs

Free Collaboration Not as many features as desktop app

Zoom in

Increases the size of the object from very small to the original size.

What are some common video file formats?

MP4, H.264, MOV

Example of Word Processors

Microsoft Word Google Docs

What are some common Compressed audio file formats

Mp3, AAC, AIFF

Popular DBMS

MySQL, Oracle Database, and Microsoft Access.

Font size is typically expressed in.....

Points

VLC

Popular download for mac and window machines due to supporting nearly all common video file formats.

What are some popular presentation apps?

Powerpoint, Keynote, Impress, Google Slides

Range

Range (i.e. B1:B3)

Compression

Reduced file size, enabling storage of more files, and faster file transfers.

Size

Refers to the maximum height of any character

Examples of Text files on Mac and PC.

Simple apps like Notepad (for Windows) or TextEdit (for Macs) can edit text files.

What do animation effects also apply to?

Slide Transitions

What is an common Uncompressed format?

WAV format

spreadsheet application

a common computer application for representing tables of data like text or numbers, for using formulas to calculate data from other data (like sums or averages), and for creating graphical charts from data.

MPEG

a compression approach specifically for video (a recent well-known version of MPEG is MP4)

presentation app

a computer application used to create a slideshow of text and graphics, often with animation

Query

a search in a database for data.

slide master

a template that stores theme information and defines the layout of text boxes, colors, fonts, and formatting.

Huffman Encoding

algorithm measures the frequency of each data item like each letter, and gives the most frequent items a shorter bit encoding (like the letters "a" and "e"), with least frequent items getting a longer encoding (like letters "q" and "z").

database management system (DBMS)

an app that creates, maintains, and accesses database systems.

Audio File

basically a series of numbers of sampled audio voltages, along with the sampling rate.

Word Processor

common computer application for creating formatted text.

Zip Files

common file format for combining multiple files into one file and that usually involves compression. Ex: Using a zip app on a Mac, a 4 kbyte file named index.html was converted to a 2 kbyte file named index.html.zip.

JPEG

compression approach specifically for images.

slideshow

consists of a series of individual "slides".

Toolbar

displays a strip of icons corresponding to available operations. In Google Docs' presentation app, the plus sign icon adds new slides to the slideshow

Validation

ensures data is correctly entered as the data is added to the database. Periodic updates to the database ensure data is up-to-date.

On click

executes the effect when the user clicks the mouse.

WAV

file stores audio uncompressed.

How do video formats differ?

how compression is used to reduce video file size. The key idea of video compression is to only store some frames completely, with most other frames stored as the difference from the previous frame

Database

is a collection of data organized to enable efficient information retrieval. Company may use information regarding current inventory or to forecast trends.

MySQL

is a freely available database system that uses SQL. _____ is a popular database for web apps.

H264

is a more recent video compression approach than MPEG, intended to reduce bits further for fast transmission of video over networks

MP4

is an international standard video format, since the early 2000's. MP4 is similar to the MOV format, known for having high compression while maintaining quality. MP4 is growing in popularity due to being made part of HTML5, meaning most modern web browsers can play MP4 video.

Information

is processed data and gives meaning to the facts and values. Ex: 35, 39, 40 are the number of sweaters sold by a store over the last three weeks

Audio

is the vibration of air molecules that human ears can detect.

LZ compression

lgorithm (named for creators Lempel and Ziv) examines data for long repeating patterns such as phrases, and creates a dictionary entry for such patterns.

Lossless compression

loses no information, so that decompression yields an identical file to the original. LZ and Huffman approaches are lossless.

Lossy compression

loses some information, so the decompressed file is close but not identical to the original. An example lossy compression approach is rounding. Ex: Given an original file containing 255, 64, 231, the one's place can be dropped (a form of rounding), yielding 25, 6, 23.

analog

meaning the signal changes continuously over time, like a flowing river.

Text File

only stores text without any formatting information, and typically has a filename extension like myfile.txt.

themes

onsisting predefined color palettes, backgrounds, and text formatting to provide a cohesive style throughout the presentation

Cells

organized into columns labeled A, B, ... and rows labeled 1, 2, ...; a spreadsheet user can type data

Audio Player

pp plays an audio file such that the audio can be heard, by sending numbers one at a time to a digital-to-analog converter, at the specified rate.

A third compression approach is to round the numbers, known as

quantization

video player app

reads a video file, decompresses, and displays frames at the appropriate rate.

Formatted text

refers to features of a document like margins, text size, bold text, italicized text, colors, number of columns, etc

Font

refers to particular text style features, such as the shape, thickness, and spacing of text characters.

Data Integrity

refers to the accuracy of the data in the database

Video

series of slightly-differing images shown fast enough to appear continuous to humans.

Formula

spreadsheet feature allows a user to type ______ in a cell to compute that cell's value based on other cells' values.

Multidimensional databases

store data in more than two dimensions. For example, a multidimensional database may contain multiple inventory tables with time as another dimension.

object-oriented database

stores data as a collection of objects rather than tables. An object may consist of an ID, photo, and title, while another object may consist of a ID, video clip, and runtime.

relational database

stores information in tables composed of rows and columns

Cursor

typically a vertical blinking line, to indicate where a user's next-typed text will appear. The user can move the cursor using a mouse or finger, or using a keyboard's arrow keys

high-definition video

uses more frames per second (like 60) and more lines (like 1080), as well as wider lines