Chapter 5 & 8

Adenosine Triphosphate

ATP

Which of the following is a difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion?

Active transport requires the expenditure of cellular energy, and facilitated diffusion does not.

During which stage of mitosis do spindles pull apart sister chromatids?

Anaphase

What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?

Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it.

Which scenario is NOT an example of mitosis in action?

Formation of a sperm cell

Which statement describes the total result of Meiosis I&II?

Four unique haploid cells

During which part of the cell cycle does a cell have duplicated chromosomes?

G2

In animals, gametes have a huge amount of variation. This variation is due to two important things that occur during the formation of the gametes in meiosis: crossing over and ___________________

Independent Assortment of chromosomes

What can happen if a cell does not pass the G1 checkpoint of the cell cycle?

It will either move to G0 stage or self destruct

When oxygen is more concentrated outside of a cell...

It will passively diffuse into the cell

"Crossing over" occurs in Meiosis when... Correct!

Non-Sister chromatids on homologous chromosomes exchange information during Prophase I

How does density impact normal cell division?

Normal cells stop dividing when the available space is filled

Which of these statements is TRUE with regard to this animation?

Sodium and potassium ions are transported against their concentration gradients.Energy in the form of ATP is required for the sodium-potassium pump to pump both sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients. Three positively charged sodium ions are exchanged for two positively charged potassium ions. Thus, the cell experiences a net loss of positive ions.

A competitive enzyme inhibitor

This image shows..

An enzyme speeds up reactions by lowering the ____________ .

activation energy

An enzyme is specific because the shape of its __________ matches only particular reactants.

active site

The sodium-potassium pump uses energy from ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell, and potassium ions into the cell. This is an example of View Available Hint(s)

active transport.

Aquaporins

allow water to cross the plasma membrane via facilitated diffusion.

A human brain cell placed in a hypotonic solution will

burst from gaining excess water

An enzyme is considered a(n) ______________because it speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.

catalyst

A(n) ______________ , which is often a vitamin, binds to an enzyme and plays a role in catalysis.

coenzyme

High temperatures or changes in pH can _______________ an enzyme, causing it to lose its shape and biological activity.

denature

The plasma membrane forms a pocket that pinches inward, forming a vesicle that contains material from outside the cell. This describes the process of

endocytosis.

When a cell uses chemical energy to perform work, it uses the energy released from a(n) ________ reaction to drive a(n) ________ reaction.

exergonic; endergonic

A molecule moves down its concentration gradient using a transport protein in the plasma membrane. This is an example of

facilitated diffusion.

What type of reaction breaks the bonds that join the phosphate groups in an ATP molecule?

hydrolysis

A plant cell placed in a(n) _____________ solution will lose water and plasmolyze.

hypertonic

There is a net diffusion of water out of an animal cell when it is placed in a(n) ____________ solution.

hypertonic

An animal cell placed in a(n) ______________ solution will gain water, swell, and possibly burst.

hypotonic

The ideal osmotic environment for a plant cell is a(n) _________________ environment.

hypotonic

In osmosis, water molecules flow from a _________area to a ______________ area

hypotonic, hypertonic

The ____________________ between an active site and its substrate often strains bonds and helps the reaction proceed.

induced fit

Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____.

into ... membranous vesicles

An enzyme _____.

is an organic catalyst

As a result of its involvement in a reaction, an enzyme _____.

is unchanged

A plant cell surrounded by a(n) ________________ solution will be flaccid (limp).

isotonic

The ideal osmotic environment for an animal cell is a(n) ____________ environment.

isotonic

Non-Disjunction occurs in meiosis when

members of a chromosome pair fail to separate

In active transport,

molecules move across the plasma membrane against their concentration gradient.

When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from where they are ______________ to where they are____________________.

more concentrated, less concentrated

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable. Which of the following can pass freely through the membrane with no assistance?

oxygen and carbon dioxide

Diffusion across a biological membrane is called __________________.

passive transport

Facilitated diffusion is a type of _____.

passive transport

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____.

phagocytosis

Most enzymes are _____.

proteins

Enzymes work by _____.

reducing activation energy

In a catalyzed reaction, a reactant is often called a(n) _________ .

substrate

What name is given to the reactants in an enzymatically catalyzed reaction?

substrate

Plasma membranes are selectively permeable. This means that

the plasma membrane allows some substances to enter or leave a cell more easily than others.

Water crosses the plasma membrane

through facilitated diffusion or diffusion.