Chapter 5- Carbohydrates

The hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to high blood sugar which causes a lowering of blood sugar is

insulin

Which of the following is a sugar alcohol?

sorbitol

A fasting blood glucose of 98 mg/dl

is a normal blood sugar

What is true about alternative sweetners?

- Substances added to food that sweeten the item while providing few or no calories - Include sugar alcohols such as xylitol, mannitol, and sorbitol

Plants store glucose as

Starch

Examples of complex carbohydrates

Starch whole wheat bread, pasta, rice, oats, potatoes

What is the proper name for table sugar

Sucrose

Identify names of sugars that may be found in foods?

Sugar Honey Molasses

Which of the following patients may or may not require the use of insulin?

Type 2 diabetes

What is another name for polysaccharides?

complex carbohydrates

What type of diabetes is strongly associated with genetics, physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity?

Type 2 Diabetes

Which of the following non-nutritive sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the United States?

- Acesulfame-K - Aspartame - Neotame

What is true about fiber

- Adds bulk to feces - A substance found in plants - Is a complex carbohydrate

Which of the following types of sweeteners provides calories to the diet?

- Brown Sugar - Nutritive - Fructose

Individuals with metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing

- Cardiovascular disease - Type 2 diabetes

Name the most abundant monosaccharide found in the body.

- Dextrose - Glucose

In metabolic syndrome, which of the following may be elevated?

- Fasting glucose - Blood Pressure - Triglycerides

what are other names for sugar that may be listed on food products?

- Raw sugar - Lactose - Maltodextrin

Which is true of Polysaccharides?

- They are made of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together. - They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates. - They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruits.

Why is sugar often added to foods?

- To serve as a preservative - To improve food tenderness - To increase the browning of the food

Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas called

Beta cells

What is the primary function of carbohydrates in the body?

To provide energy for the body

What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates?

45-65%

Sugar alcohols provide about _____ kcal/g.

2

People with undiagnosed type 1 diabetes may experience excessive thirst, frequent urination, a blood glucose of more than 250 mg/dl, and breath with a fruity smell. These are all signs and symptoms of

ketoacidosis

Which alternative sweetener contains the amino acids phenylalanine and aspartic acid?

Aspartame

Individuals with type 1 diabetes may or may not require insulin. T/F?

False

Most dietary ______ are complex carbohydrates comprised of monosaccharides connected by bonds that human enzymes cannot digest.

Fibers

Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two________ acids ( phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol)

amino

(glycemic index x grams of carbohydrate)/100 = _____

glycemic load

What is a type of simple sugar?

monosaccharide

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides: glucose and

Fructose

The hormone secreted by the pancreas when your blood sugar is low and which causes your blood sugar levels to rise is

Glucagon

What is the major monosaccharide in the body?

Glucose

Clusters of small rectal veins that can become swollen and inflamed, causing bleeding, are called

Hemorrhoids

The sweetening agent in sweetened beverages that is thought to contribute to obesity is______.

High fructose corn syrup

A food that may contain spores of the bacterium Clostridium botulinum and can be fatal if given to infants is _____.

Honey

When an individual's blood sugar level falls below 70 mg/dl, they are diagnosed with

Hypoglycemia

Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an ______ system disorder, which causes destruction of the ______ -producing cells in the pancreas.

Immune; Insulin

An excellent source of protein, many vitamins, calcium, and phosphorus is______. Multiple choice question.

Milk and milk products

Fiber is mostly made up of ______ and is connected by bonds that humans cannot digest.

Monosaccharide

Most forms of dietary fiber are complex carbohydrates comprised of _____.

Monosaccharide

enzymes in the wall of the small intestine break down the disaccharides into

Monosaccharides

What does the term starch mean?

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants

Sugar alcohols cost only 2 kcal/gram because ______.

They are not fully absorbed in the intestinal tract

Type 1 diabetes ________

cannot be prevented