Chapter 5: Carbohydrates- Sugars, Starches, and Fiber

Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials.

F

Hypoglycemia is a condition when blood glucose level is too ______ to provide enough energy for the cells.

Low

Which of the following health conditions are linked to an excessive total calorie intake?

obesity and chronic disease

Diet, exercise, and oral medications are typical treatments for

type 2 diabetes

Celeste took her 4-year old daughter to a birthday party and was disappointed when her daughter's behavior at the party was uncontrolled hyperactivity. The most likely cause of the hyperactivity at the birthday party was

excitement of the party that was different from her normal routine

Nondigestible plant material is termed _____

fiber

According to the Food and Nutrition Board, carbohydrates should provide % to % of total calories in the diet.

45%-65%

What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates?

45-65%

According to the ADA, people with diabetes should try to maintain HbA1c levels below %.

7

Which sugar tastes the sweetest?

fructose

Intestinal cells absorb glucose and ______ by active transport; ______ is absorbed by facilitated diffusion

galactose and fructose

Which two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose?

galactose and glucose

Polysaccharides that contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together into large chainlike structures include ______.

glycogen and starch

Which of the following are the most common oligosaccharides in foods?

raffinose and stachyose

Which of the following are signs of metabolic syndrome?

triglycerides >/=150mg/dL waist circumference >/= 35 inches (women)

Treatment for diabetes includes which of the following?

Diet Exercise Oral medications Insulin injections

Treatment for diabetes includes which of the following?

Diet Insulin injections Exercise Oral medications

Select all of the terms that describe food additives that sweeten but provide few or no calories per serving.

artificial sweeteners alternative sweeteners

Individuals who are lactose-intolerant and do not consume dairy products are at risk for a ______ deficiency.

Calcium

are a major source of energy for cells.

Carbohydrates

What is the main difference between soft drinks and 100% fruit drinks?

100% fruit juices contribute micronutrients and phytochemicals

is a condition that occurs when blood glucose level is too low to provide enough energy for the cells.

Hypoglycemia

Dietary fiber is associated with a(n) _____ risk of colorectal cancer.

Reduce

Glucagon and insulin are both released from the pancreas.

T

A characteristic of ______ diabetes is insulin resistance.

Type 2

A __________ carbohydrate has three or more monosaccharides bonded together.

complex

The simplest type of sugar is a

monosaccharide

Choose the result(s) of children consuming a diet high in sugar.

pleasurable sensations

Intestinal cells absorb glucose and galactose by ______ and fructose is absorbed by ______.

active transport and facilitated diffusion

During processing, ______ are incorporated into foods to contribute to flavor, browning and tenderness, and preservation of food.

added sugars

What happens when cells metabolize glucose?

energy is released

Nondigestible plant material is termed ______.

fiber

The major function of carbohydrate is to _

supply the body with energy

Dietary fiber is associated with a(n) _____ risk of colorectal cancer.

Reduced

A diet that is high in soft drink consumption may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.

T

The main function of glucose is to provide the body with a source of fuel.

T

To improve blood glucose control for patients with type 2 diabetes,

implementing therapeutic lifestyle changes is key.

A group of serious, chronic conditions characterized by abnormal glucose, fat, and protein metabolism is called ______.

diabetes mellitus

What can you do to reduce your risk of developing type 2 diabetes?

consume a healthy diet exercise daily avoid excess body fat

Type 1 diabetes is linked to an autoimmune disease while type 2 diabetes is linked to _____.

insulin resistance

carbohydrates have three or more monosaccharides bonded together.

Complex

Since soft drinks and 100% fruit drinks contain the same amount of sugar, there is no benefit to choosing 100% fruit juice.

F

Which of the following is true about a monosaccharide?

It is a chemical unit of carbohydrates. It is the simplest type of sugar.

Cells require a steady supply of energy which is largely provided by __________

carbohydrates

Which of the following contributes to softer and easier-to-eliminate feces?

insoluble fiber

Which of the following are disaccharides?

sucrose, maltose, lactose

Added sugars are incorporated into foods during processing to ______.

inhibit the growth of mold increase tenderness of food contribute to flavor decrease moisture content

How does the body respond to an increase in blood glucose?

insulin is secreted by the pancreas

How does the body respond to an increase in blood glucose?How does the body respond to an increase in blood glucose?

insulin is secreted by the pancreas

What is an acceptable hemoglobin HbA1c level for a person with diabetes?

less than 7%

When bacteria in the mouth metabolize ______, they produce acids that dissolve the tooth enamel, leading to dental caries.

carbohydrates

Tooth decay is the only health problem clearly associated with eating

carbohydrates

_____________ is a sweetener/food additive obtained from the processing of corn.

high fructose corn syrup

Diabetes is characterized by abnormal metabolism of

protein, glucose, and fat

Which of the following are the most common oligosaccharides in foods?

raffinose and stachyosee

Lactose-containing foods fall into which food category?

dairy

There is "convincing" evidence that dietary fiber will reduce the risk of cancer.

Colorectal

What is the primary source of fuel for the body's cells?

glucose

Which description best describes a starch?

a carbohydrate made of multiple units of glucose attached together in a form the body can digest

What can be added to sweeten foods while providing few or no kcal?

alternative sweeteners

dietary fiber usually forms a semisolid mass in the intestinal tract that is quickly fermented by bacteria.

soluble

What are the five signs of metabolic syndrome?

large waist circumference hypertension low fasting HDL cholesterol high fasting blood glucose elevated fasting triglycerides

While most carbohydrate digestion occurs in the small intestine, where does it begin?

mouth

Salivary amylase is secreted in the mouth and begins the process of carbohydrate digestion in the human body.

T