Chapter 5 - DHN ( carbohydrates )
Amylose
A long, straight chain of glucose units
Symptoms that include irritability, shaking, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called
Hypoglycemia
Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas called
beta
Foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates ...
- Candy - Apple pie - Donut
Which of the following are monosaccharides?
- Galactose - Glucose - Fructose
Two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose
- Glucose - Galactose
Sugar alcohols are used in .....
- Gum - Breath mints - Diabetic candy
Dietary Changes that can benefit a patient with metabolic syndrome include
- Reducing salt intake - Decreasing intake of saturated fat
Which of the following is TRUE about sugar and hyperactivity
- Research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity (ADHD)
Which of the following are true about alternative sweeteners
- Substances added to food that sweeten the item while providing few or no calories - Includes sugar alcohols such as xylitol, mannitol, and sorbitol
What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates
45-65%
Amylopectin
A highly branched chain of glucose units
Glucagon
Increases blood glucose
When people consume adequate fiber they experience
- More regular bowl movements - Softer stools
The primary function of glycogen is to store glucose for later use. Glycogen is stored in the liver and ...
- Muscles
What are the important nutrients that milk and milk products provide
- Vitamins - Protein - Calcium
Fiber is mostly made up of ___ and is connected by bonds that humans cannot digest
- monosaccharides Fibers differ from starches because they cannot be digested by human enzymes Amylopectin is a form of starch, which is digestible by human enzymes, whereas fiber is not digestible
Both sugars and sugar alcohols provide
- Sweetness
List in order the body's preference for using nutrients for energy....
1. Carbohydrate 2. Protein
Another name for polysaccharides
Complex Carbohydrates
Which of the following is another term for glucose
Dextrose
The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide ______ for all cells
Energy
Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials
False
When an individual's blood sugar level becomes abnormally elevated, they are diagnosed as having
Hyperglycemia
Milk and other diary products are major food sources of _____ (a disaccharide)
Lactose
What disaccharide can be found in certain animals products
Lactose
Which of the following is a type of simple sugar
Monosaccharide
Both starch and glycogen contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together are thus types of
Polysaccharides
The common name for the chemical in Stevia leaves that makes Stevia sweet is called
Rebiana
Hemorrhoid
Swelling of a large vein in the anal region
Low-carbohydrate diets lead to a condition which can disturb the body's normal acid-base balance and is called
ketosis
Which of the following statements about fiber are true
- A substance found in plants - Adds bulk to feces - Is a complex carbohydrate
Ketosis occurs when the diet is low in
Carbohydrates
Which macronutrients provide 4 kilocalories per gram
Carbohydrates
In which food category is galactose typically found
Dairy
If you are trying to lose weight, it may be helpful to add more high- _____ fiber foods to your diet because these foods tend to be more filling resulting in satiety
Fiber
Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit
Fructose
Glycogen is branched structure comprised of many ______ units bonded together
Glucose
Major monosaccharide found in the body
Glucose
Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides :
Glucose & Frutose
Fructose is known as fruit sugar or...
Levulose
_______ ,or malt sugars, has two glucose molecules bonded together
Maltose
Which behavior is most likely to increase the risks of developing diabetes
Sedentary life styles
Food labels are not required to provide information about which of the following
Soluble fiber
Examples of complex carbohydrates include...
Starch
What is a risk of consuming sugars in the diet
Tooth decay
Millions of Americans shows signs of lactose intolerance
True
Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two ______ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.
amino
Insulin
decreases blood glucose
What American populations are at a particularly high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes
- African Americans - Latino/Hispanic Americans - Native Americans
Which of the following artificial sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the United States
- Aspartame - Neotame - Acesulfame-K
Order of blood glucose regulations beginning with eating a meal
1. Eating a meal 2. Elevated blood glucose 3. Insulin released from the pancreas 4. Blood glucose level returns to normal
Choose all of the following foods which are good sources of soluble fiber
- Beans - Oat bran - Carrots
Glucose is the primary fuel for most of the body's cells, however, some calls can only use glucose. These include ...
- Central nervous system - Red blood cells
What are the two potential fates of fructose after it is consumed
- Converted to glucose - Converted to fat
What are the suspected causes of hyperactivity
- Environmental factors - Genetic factors
Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or its onset delayed by
- Increasing physical activity - Losing excess body fat
What are other names for sugar that may be listed on food products ?
- Lactose - Raw sugar - Maltodextrin
Some natural food sources of sucrose
- Maple syrup - Carrots
What is the criterion for fasting blood glucose above which an individual as diagnosed as diabetic
126 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood
When consuming a 2000 kcal diet, the Daily Value DV for carbohydrates is
300 grams
Which of the following are true of polyaccharides
- They are made of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together. - They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates. - They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruit
Women are more likely to experience gestational diabetes during their pregnancy if...
- They have elevated blood pressure - Are chronically overweight. - They have a family history of type 2 diabetes
Alternative sweeteners include
- Xylitol - Sorbitol - Mannitol