Chapter 5 - DHN ( carbohydrates )

Amylose

A long, straight chain of glucose units

Symptoms that include irritability, shaking, sweating, and confusion are often observed during periods of low blood sugar called

Hypoglycemia

Most cases of type 1 diabetes begin with an immune system disorder, which causes destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas called

beta

Foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates ...

- Candy - Apple pie - Donut

Which of the following are monosaccharides?

- Galactose - Glucose - Fructose

Two monosaccharides are components of the milk sugar lactose

- Glucose - Galactose

Sugar alcohols are used in .....

- Gum - Breath mints - Diabetic candy

Dietary Changes that can benefit a patient with metabolic syndrome include

- Reducing salt intake - Decreasing intake of saturated fat

Which of the following is TRUE about sugar and hyperactivity

- Research does not indicate that sugar increases a child's risk for hyperactivity (ADHD)

Which of the following are true about alternative sweeteners

- Substances added to food that sweeten the item while providing few or no calories - Includes sugar alcohols such as xylitol, mannitol, and sorbitol

What percent of calories in the diet should come from carbohydrates

45-65%

Amylopectin

A highly branched chain of glucose units

Glucagon

Increases blood glucose

When people consume adequate fiber they experience

- More regular bowl movements - Softer stools

The primary function of glycogen is to store glucose for later use. Glycogen is stored in the liver and ...

- Muscles

What are the important nutrients that milk and milk products provide

- Vitamins - Protein - Calcium

Fiber is mostly made up of ___ and is connected by bonds that humans cannot digest

- monosaccharides Fibers differ from starches because they cannot be digested by human enzymes Amylopectin is a form of starch, which is digestible by human enzymes, whereas fiber is not digestible

Both sugars and sugar alcohols provide

- Sweetness

List in order the body's preference for using nutrients for energy....

1. Carbohydrate 2. Protein

Another name for polysaccharides

Complex Carbohydrates

Which of the following is another term for glucose

Dextrose

The primary function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide ______ for all cells

Energy

Dietary fiber includes indigestible plant and animal materials

False

When an individual's blood sugar level becomes abnormally elevated, they are diagnosed as having

Hyperglycemia

Milk and other diary products are major food sources of _____ (a disaccharide)

Lactose

What disaccharide can be found in certain animals products

Lactose

Which of the following is a type of simple sugar

Monosaccharide

Both starch and glycogen contain hundreds of glucose molecules bound together are thus types of

Polysaccharides

The common name for the chemical in Stevia leaves that makes Stevia sweet is called

Rebiana

Hemorrhoid

Swelling of a large vein in the anal region

Low-carbohydrate diets lead to a condition which can disturb the body's normal acid-base balance and is called

ketosis

Which of the following statements about fiber are true

- A substance found in plants - Adds bulk to feces - Is a complex carbohydrate

Ketosis occurs when the diet is low in

Carbohydrates

Which macronutrients provide 4 kilocalories per gram

Carbohydrates

In which food category is galactose typically found

Dairy

If you are trying to lose weight, it may be helpful to add more high- _____ fiber foods to your diet because these foods tend to be more filling resulting in satiety

Fiber

Which monosaccharide is commonly found as a component in fruit

Fructose

Glycogen is branched structure comprised of many ______ units bonded together

Glucose

Major monosaccharide found in the body

Glucose

Sucrose is made up of two monosaccharides :

Glucose & Frutose

Fructose is known as fruit sugar or...

Levulose

_______ ,or malt sugars, has two glucose molecules bonded together

Maltose

Which behavior is most likely to increase the risks of developing diabetes

Sedentary life styles

Food labels are not required to provide information about which of the following

Soluble fiber

Examples of complex carbohydrates include...

Starch

What is a risk of consuming sugars in the diet

Tooth decay

Millions of Americans shows signs of lactose intolerance

True

Aspartame is an alternative sweetener made of two ______ acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid) and methanol.

amino

Insulin

decreases blood glucose

What American populations are at a particularly high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes

- African Americans - Latino/Hispanic Americans - Native Americans

Which of the following artificial sweeteners are currently available in the food supply in the United States

- Aspartame - Neotame - Acesulfame-K

Order of blood glucose regulations beginning with eating a meal

1. Eating a meal 2. Elevated blood glucose 3. Insulin released from the pancreas 4. Blood glucose level returns to normal

Choose all of the following foods which are good sources of soluble fiber

- Beans - Oat bran - Carrots

Glucose is the primary fuel for most of the body's cells, however, some calls can only use glucose. These include ...

- Central nervous system - Red blood cells

What are the two potential fates of fructose after it is consumed

- Converted to glucose - Converted to fat

What are the suspected causes of hyperactivity

- Environmental factors - Genetic factors

Type 2 diabetes can be prevented or its onset delayed by

- Increasing physical activity - Losing excess body fat

What are other names for sugar that may be listed on food products ?

- Lactose - Raw sugar - Maltodextrin

Some natural food sources of sucrose

- Maple syrup - Carrots

What is the criterion for fasting blood glucose above which an individual as diagnosed as diabetic

126 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood

When consuming a 2000 kcal diet, the Daily Value DV for carbohydrates is

300 grams

Which of the following are true of polyaccharides

- They are made of 10 or more monosaccharides bonded together. - They are sometimes called complex carbohydrates. - They are found chiefly in grains, vegetables, and fruit

Women are more likely to experience gestational diabetes during their pregnancy if...

- They have elevated blood pressure - Are chronically overweight. - They have a family history of type 2 diabetes

Alternative sweeteners include

- Xylitol - Sorbitol - Mannitol